Introduction

1.1 The concept of housing and communal services

Conclusion

Introduction

One of the main factors of the influence of scientific and technological progress on all spheres of human activity is the widespread use of new information technologies. Among the most important and widespread spheres in which information technologies play a decisive role, the housing and utilities sector occupies a special place. Under the influence of new information technologies, fundamental changes are taking place in management technology, the qualifications and professionalism of specialists engaged in activities in the housing and communal sector are increasing.

Housing and communal services is one of the main sectors of the economy, which has a significant impact on all aspects of the life of society. The cost and quality of services of the housing and communal complex are the most important characteristics of ensuring stability and sustainable development of the national economy, directly affecting the level and quality of life of all its citizens.

However, this sphere of society's life is in a state of crisis, historically conditioned by a number of circumstances: an ineffective management system, high costs associated with the provision of housing and communal services, an underdeveloped competitive environment, and chronic non-payments. Management of housing and communal services (HCS) has extremely low efficiency, and the lack of adequate information does not allow to implement in practice the basic principles of the program-targeted approach to management. There is no effectively functioning system of information support for management, which could contribute to the process of reforming housing and communal services and its transition to a qualitatively new state. Among the many problems that need to be addressed during the implementation of the housing and communal reform, a special place is occupied by the reliability and availability of information that is created, used and disseminated in the housing and communal services. First of all, this is information about the housing stock and residents, about the consumption of energy resources, operational information about the current state of housing and communal services, utilities.

This problem can be successfully solved only on the basis of advanced information technologies. Informatization of housing and communal services is a necessary link in the reform of housing and communal services.

The introduction of information technologies will make it possible to create a qualitatively new system of housing and communal services management, as well as a system of regulated interaction with executive bodies of state power. It should be based on an information system that will help bridge the gap between the already relatively developed regulatory framework and law enforcement practice, as well as improve the quality of decisions made, social security of the population and strengthen control over the housing and utilities sector.

In this regard, the need for structural changes in the management of housing and communal services, based on a scientifically grounded array of information, is objectively increasing. This is necessary to make effective management decisions and, which is especially important, to ensure the principle of optimality of control over the activities of housing and communal services, which, in accordance with the new Housing Code (RF Housing Code), becomes a key element of management and requires complete information obtained from various sources.

The purpose of this work is to study such issues as information technologies for managing the housing and communal sector, as well as the activities of the Unified Information and Settlement Centers in Moscow.

Objectives - to study information technology of management of the housing and communal sector, namely the concept of housing and communal services, tasks of information systems of housing and communal services; unified settlement and cash centers, as well as the activities of the Unified information and settlement centers in Moscow.

1. Information Technology management of housing and communal services

1.1 The concept of housing and communal services

Housing and communal services is a complex of sub-sectors that ensures the functioning of the engineering infrastructure, various buildings of settlements, creating the convenience and comfort of living and finding citizens in them by providing them with a wide range of housing and communal services.

Today the housing and communal services are a complex, diversified production and technical complex. It includes: housing and maintenance and repair production; water supply and sanitation; communal energy; external improvement, including sanitary cleaning and greening of cities. Utilities includes:

Water supply - elimination of leaks of water pipes, water purification system

Sewerage - wastewater disposal

Overhaul of buildings

Current repair of internal general building utilities and systems (buildings)

· Heat supply - ensuring the supply of hot water and heat to residents, ensuring the operation of boiler houses and thermal power plants. Disruption of service can cause a fuel and energy crisis.

This industry, without which the vital activity of a person, city, territory is practically impossible, requires the formation of an effective mechanism for interaction between scientific and industrial organizations with local governments and the population in order to reform the housing and communal complex for its transfer to a qualitatively new material and technical base.

1.2 Tasks of information systems of housing and communal services

The tasks to be solved by the use of information systems in the field of housing and communal services are shown in Fig. 1.

Rice. 1. Tasks of information systems of housing and communal services

IS of housing and communal services provide an increase in the efficiency of receipt of current information on the state of objects at the dispatch center in order to quickly respond to problem situations.

Processing information about the technical condition of the housing stock of the territory is the accounting of energy and water consumption, control of technical parameters of heating, hot and cold water supply, power supply, ventilation, operation of elevator equipment, control of technological discipline, transfer of information in the context of houses, microdistricts, quarters for the purpose of calculating tariffs, decision-making on capital repairs, etc.

Remote control of housing and communal services facilities involves the control of pressure and voltage in the networks, turning on / off lighting in the entrances and in-yard areas, control of access to technical premises.

The consequences of changes in tariffs, machine tools for housing and communal services can be predicted by simulating situations.

Accounting and calculation of utility bills includes:

· Keeping records of buildings, apartments;

· Management of personal accounts;

· Maintenance of quarterly accounting of utilities and consumption standards;

· Calculation of subsidies and accounting of benefits (in aggregate and for each tenant entered in the personal account) with the possibility of changing their list by the user;

· Grouping of buildings in order to change standards and other parameters for a large number of apartments, prompt execution of calculations in the process of such changes;

· Keeping records of the income of each family and calculating subsidies in accordance with these data;

· Calculation of the amount of benefits (with the possibility of recalculating it in the event of a change in legislation) for each tenant;

· Maintaining the history of accruals (recalculation for previous periods in accordance with the then existing standards).

Improving the quality of work with the population is achieved by reducing the queues for receiving certificates, statements, automating the generation and printing of reports.

Saving budget funds is achieved by reducing labor costs for performing operations and the number of personnel.

2. Unified cash settlement centers (ERCC)

Currently, the automation of housing and communal services is moving towards the organization of unified cash settlement centers (ERCC). The main purpose of the ERCC is the calculation of the cost of utilities, the automation of payment for utilities by the population under the conditions of contractual relations between the producers of utility services.

The main goals of the creation of the ERCC are:

· Formation of a subsidized housing and communal services system based on financial analysis, control and accounting of available resources;

· Accounting of payment flows for utilities and document management;

· Control over collection of payments;

· Creation of a database of the municipal economy, including all information about the state of the housing stock, population, quotas, subsidies, services rendered.

The most important areas of activity of the ERCC are:

· Prompt centralized service of residents of the Moscow region on payment of housing and communal services;

· Preparation and delivery of payment documents to the population;

· Provision of benefits and subsidies;

· Making adjustments to calculations when tariffs, benefits and subsidies change;

· Registration of citizens who have arrears in payment for housing and utilities;

· Centralized information and analytical support of administrative districts.

The centralization of subscriber services to the population on the basis of the ERCC has made it possible to obtain a number of advantages:

· Improvement of control over the correctness of tariff changes and calculation of payments for housing and communal services, elimination of discrepancies in documents and errors of their interpretation;

· Use on the territory of the city of a single invoice-receipt, handed over to each payer personally;

Increasing the efficiency of updating information base;

· Improving the quality of the provision of benefits by integrating the information base with the database of the service of social protection of the population;

· Improving the quality of information services for the population by organizing " hotline»On the provision of housing and communal services.

The interest of utility service providers in increasing the collection of utility bills has increased, since the amount Money that are transferred to these organizations is determined by the volume of actually provided services. This stimulates the improvement of the quality of the services provided.

3. Activities of the Unified Information and Settlement Centers in Moscow

In accordance with the Decree of the Government of Moscow of June 25, 2002 N 476-PP "On the establishment of Unified Information and Settlement Centers" by the executive authorities that are part of the Municipal Economy Complex of the Moscow Government, prefectures of administrative districts, administrations of city districts together with resource supplying organizations, JSC " The Bank of Moscow "in a short time created and operates in all districts of the city unified information and settlement centers.

During the period from November 2002 to the present, a significant amount of work has been carried out to resolve organizational and administrative issues related to ensuring the work of unified information and settlement centers, which made it possible to combine all the main types of housing (operational), utilities and other services in the field of housing and communal services. households (housing and communal services) in a single payment document, organize their centralized delivery to the population, ensure the collection of most types of payments for housing and communal services through a single payment document to transit accounts and their further distribution directly to service providers, bypassing intermediaries, increase the transparency of payments for housing and communal services, create preconditions for service to the population on the principle of "one window".

In this regard, special attention was paid to coordinating the actions of all participants in the process of functioning of unified information and settlement centers, creating conditions for the availability of information for Muscovites about ongoing operations for calculating payments for housing and communal services and other services provided to them, about established rates and tariffs, benefits and subsidies, organization of consultations on the entire range of issues and problems in this area.

The most successfully resolved issues of creating and organizing the work of unified information and settlement centers by the prefectures of the Central, North-Eastern, Eastern, Southern and some other administrative districts of the city. A certain positive experience in creating a system for calculating payments for housing and communal services and calculating subsidies on the principle of "one window" has been created in the city of Zelenograd.

In a number of city districts, for example: Zhulebino, Lyublino, Kuntsevo, Lianozovo, Altufyevo, Chertanovo Severnoye, Beskudnikovo, Lomonosovskiy, Teply Stan, Severnoye Izmailovo, Veshnyaki, Arbat, Timiryazevskiy, Biryulyovo Vostochnoye, thanks to the efforts of prefectures, district administrations, directorates of a single there are unified information and settlement centers with a good material and technical base and qualified personnel.

The Bank of Moscow OJSC plays a positive role in the formation of the EIRTs system and in raising the level of its functioning, as it acts as a financial operator and has ensured the creation of an effective system for accounting for cash flows in the housing and communal services system.

The organization of the EIRTs, the establishment of their activities were accompanied by extensive information and explanatory work both directly through the unified information and settlement centers, and through the city, district and district mass media.

As a result, if in November 2002 the number of Muscovites who pay for housing and communal services and other services using uniform payment documents did not exceed 20%, then in the present period in the city as a whole this figure was more than 95%.

At the same time existing system unified information and settlement centers requires further refinement.

At present, the activities of the EIRTS do not cover all categories of payers for housing and communal services, which prevents the creation of an optimal socio-economic model for calculating, collecting and distributing payments for housing and communal services.

The issues of a more rational organization of management and functioning of the EIRTS require solution, primarily through the unification and optimization of the processes associated with the calculation of payments, the creation of a single information space covering all participants in the settlement system, within the framework of the target city program Electronic Moscow.

There is a need for further material, technical and personnel strengthening of a number of EIRTs, the creation of a citywide system of training and retraining of employees of centers at all levels.

Conclusion

So, we examined information technologies for managing the housing and communal sector and the activities of the Unified Information and Settlement Centers in Moscow.

Housing and communal services is a complex, diversified production and technical complex, which includes housing and maintenance and repair production; water supply and sanitation; communal energy; external improvement, including sanitary cleaning and greening of cities.

For the successful operation of housing and communal services, it is necessary to introduce information technologies, which will create a qualitatively new system of housing and communal services management, as well as a system of regulated interaction with executive bodies of state power. It should be based on an information system that will help bridge the gap between the already relatively developed regulatory framework and law enforcement practice, as well as improve the quality of decisions, social security of the population and strengthen control over the housing and utilities sector.

The tasks of information systems for housing and communal services include the following:

Improving the efficiency of dispatching;

Processing information about the technical condition of the housing stock of the territory;

Remote control of housing and communal services facilities;

Simulation of situations;

Accounting and calculation of utility bills;

Improving the quality of work with the population;

Information service for municipal authorities;

Exchange of information between municipal authorities;

Saving budget funds.

It should be noted that in order to implement the informatization of the housing and communal sphere in the administrative districts of Moscow, Unified Information and Settlement Centers (EIRTS) are being created with branches in the districts of Moscow.

The EIRTS is responsible for the formation and organization of delivery to residents of a single payment document summarizing the charges of suppliers of housing and communal services and other services and resources, taking into account the existing benefits and subsidies, and in the future - targeted subsidies, organization of reception of the population, allowing residents to receive information about all provided housing -Utility and other services, charges and payment for them (one-stop shop) and execution of documents requested by the population, certificates, extracts, etc., as well as the formation of a package of documents for the provision of subsidies for payment of housing and communal services.

The form and rules for filling out the Unified Payment Document are approved in order to ensure the necessary criteria for the functioning of the EIRTS.

References and sources

1. Decree of the Moscow government dated July 29, 2003 No. 617-PP On the work of the Unified Information and Settlement Centers (EIRTS) and measures to improve their activities

2. Zhadko PA Information support for assessing the state and organization of control in the structure of housing and communal services in the region. - Dissertation for the degree of candidate of economic sciences. - Moscow, 2009.

3. Sahak A.E., Pakhomov E.V., Tyushnyakov V.N. Information technology management: Textbook for universities. - SPb .: Peter, 2005 .-- 320 p. - (Series "Textbook for universities")

Http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing and Communal Services

Http://mgkh.mosreg.ru/

Saak A.E., Pakhomov E.V., Tyushnyakov V.N. Information technology management: Textbook for universities. - SPb .: Peter, 2005 .-- 320 p. - (Series "Textbook for universities")

Decree of the Moscow Government dated July 29, 2003 No. 617-PP On the work of the Unified Information and Settlement Centers (EIRTS) and measures to improve their activities

The article is devoted to the practice of applying computer modeling techniques in the areas of heat, water supply and wastewater disposal. The tasks and methods of modeling centralized communal systems for identifying and eliminating hydraulic imbalance, developing and updating heat, water supply and sewerage schemes, as well as the possibility of using in this work are considered. geographic information systems(GIS).

Modern information technology in housing and communal services can solve most of the existing problems in this area.

Practicing engineers know that the main reason for the deterioration in the quality of heat, water supply and sewerage services is suboptimal operating modes of the corresponding centralized systems. The result can be unjustified losses of heat and water, excessive consumption of electricity, gas (fuel), as well as an increase in the number of consumer complaints. In order for the system to function optimally, it is recommended to periodically carry out a set of adjustment measures *. But sometimes, when solving large-scale problems (for example, modernization and development of the city's communal services), it is required to consider the technical system in a broader context, taking into account its environment. It is necessary to take into account the financial condition and technical support utilities enterprises, the need to connect new consumers to the networks, the availability of different types fuel, administrative regulation and much more. Heating, water supply and sewerage schemes can help to solve these problems.

* Industry standard. Heating network. Regime adjustment of district heating systems. OST 36-68-82. 1982.

A heat supply scheme (of a settlement or an urban district) is understood as "a document containing pre-design materials to substantiate the efficient and safe operation of the heat supply system, its development, taking into account legal regulation in the field of energy conservation and energy efficiency" ( the federal law dated July 27, 2010 No. 190-FZ "On heat supply"). In short, the heat supply scheme includes a detailed description of the current state of the heat supply systems (settlement or urban district) and a 15-year plan for their development.

Water supply and sewerage schemes have a similar meaning: they are "a set of graphical ... and textual descriptions of the technical and economic state of centralized hot water supply, cold water supply and / or sewerage systems and the directions of their development" for a 10-year perspective (Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05.09.2013 No. 782 "On water supply and sewerage schemes").

• Close, cannot be left: about the transition from open heat supply systems (hot water supply) to closed ones

The tasks of heat supply schemes are determined by the state program "Energy Saving and Increasing Energy Efficiency for the Period until 2020". The program assumes:

• reduction of specific fuel consumption for heat production up to 167.2 kg of c.u. t / Gcal;
• reduction of specific power consumption to 12 kW ∙ h / Gcal;
• increase in electricity generation through cogeneration to 57 billion kWh (5% of total electricity generation in Russia);
• reduction of heat losses in networks up to 10.7%.

For your information

Utilities expenses account for more than 10% in the structure of household expenditures. For the poorest social strata, this figure reaches 15-17%.

Source: gks.ru

Electronic models of heating, water supply and sewerage systems

Requirements for schemes for urban districts with a population of more than 100 thousand people are established by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 154 dated February 22, 2012. The scheme must include an electronic model, which:

• contains graphic and semantic information about the objects of the heat supply system with reference to the topographic base;
• allows to make calculations of thermohydraulic modes;
• helps to form the program of operational switching and possible connections of consumers;
• calculates heat energy balances;
• determines the values ​​of indicators of the reliability of heat supply.

Similar requirements are defined for electronic models of water supply and sanitation (Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation of 05.09.2013 No. 782).

Our experience shows that modeling and subsequent adjustment of the heating network allows you to achieve these indicators and save 3-10% of total costs for heat supply *. In terms of the costs of the heating network of a boiler house or CHP plant with a capacity of 100 Gcal / h, the savings can reach 30 million rubles. in year. Adjustment measures will cost an order of magnitude cheaper, and they can be carried out no more than once every five years.

*V. L. Govorov, S. G. Legostin, A. V. Lunyakov, M. A. Galakhov. A modern approach to the adjustment and modernization of district heating systems // Housing and communal services: journal of the head and chief accountant. 2012. No. 3. Part I;

V.L. Govorov, S. G. Legostin, A. V. Lunyakov, M. A. Galakhov. Electronic model of the heat supply system and a modern approach to the adjustment and modernization of heating networks. Electronic resource. http://geoinfograd.ru

• Devices for limiting drainage: legality of use

For smaller (less than 100 thousand people) municipalities, an electronic model that allows solving problems of modeling a heat supply system, performing hydraulic calculations and adjusting heat networks, calculating indicators of heat supply reliability, simulating disconnections / switching of sections, network segments and consumers, including . in emergency situations and their elimination, is also useful. It is especially relevant for cities - both for reasons of saving heat and energy resources and reducing consumer complaints, and according to the requirements of Rostechnadzor (Rostechnadzor order of 17.07.2013 No. 314). GeoInfoGrad LLC uses the ZuluThermo software to create such an electronic model. An approximate view of the computational model is shown in Fig. 1.

The process of developing an electronic model and measures for setting up and regulating a district heating system can be broken down into stages.

1. Request from the heat supply organization for initial data on the heat supply system, their refinement.

2. Creation of a computer model of the network topology with reference to the terrain (in scale) based on graphic materials, survey or description.

3. Analysis and systematization of source documents and data on the heating network. Preparation of information for computing on a computer. Creation of a calculation model (diagram) of heating networks and data entry for a heating network. Execution of the calculation on a computer and analysis of the calculation results.

4. Data verification, model calibration, determination of hydraulic characteristics of network sections.

5. Thermal-hydraulic calculations of heating networks:

• hydraulic calculation and development of the hydraulic regime (modes);
• calculation of throttling devices.

6. Development of measures for the adjustment of the district heating system. Presentation in the form of a report.

7. Implementation of the developed measures (in the inter-heating period, as a rule, the heat supply organization and management organizations perform).

8. Measurements of the parameters of the heat supply system for regulation. Correction of the calculation model and development of measures for the regulation of heating networks based on the results of the heat supply system in a stable mode after the implementation of measures for setting up heating networks (the next heating period).

In the course of such work (or independently of them), the delivery of software (software) for working with the electronic model and thermal-hydraulic calculations, training of the customer's employees to work with the GIS Zulu, ZuluThermo software and the electronic model can be carried out.

For reference

"eighteen. The circumstances, in case of non-observance of which, in respect of municipalities, an act is drawn up with obligations on the timing of the elimination of comments, include non-compliance with the requirement for the use of electronic modeling of emergency situations specified in paragraph 18 of the Rules for assessing readiness for the heating season, approved. by order of the Ministry of Energy of Russia dated 12.03.2013 No. 103 (clause 23.1 of these Methodological Recommendations) ".

• New technologies in heating and hot water supply systems, heat exchange equipment

The economic effect of the use of modern information technologies in housing and communal services

An assessment of the economic effect of setting up a heat supply system shows that these measures for an unbalanced system, as a rule, should pay off within one heating period after they are carried out and subsequently give an economic effect corresponding to the eliminated imbalance of the system. The organizational effect of the adjustment is to reduce the number of complaints and legal proceedings with heat consumers. In general, the effect of the adjustment can be estimated as 1–10% of the heat sales due to the reduction of gas overruns for heat generation and electricity for the operation of network pumps.

The economic effect of using heat supply, water supply and sewerage schemes for planning operation, modernization and development of heat supply, water supply and sewerage systems is more difficult to assess. The heat supply scheme itself brings little direct benefit - only meeting the requirements of the law and government decree. However, it allows us to identify the factors of inefficiency of heat supply systems and the possibility of improving their operation by switching to cheaper fuel, using more efficient boiler houses or CHPPs, reducing losses in networks, reducing accidents, eliminating overheating, more efficient use of resources of a heat supplying organization, etc. heat supply will serve as a platform for justifying investment programs of heat supply organizations. To develop a financial plan for the modernization of heat supply systems, a competent systematic approach to the technical part of the measures is required, taking into account the economic situation in heat supply organizations, the peculiarities of legal regulation in the field of housing and communal services, as well as the new requirements of the Ministry of Energy of Russia and Rostechnadzor in relation to indicators of energy efficiency and accidents.

It is possible to achieve a financial result of the order of 10–20% of the costs of implementing measures. In many respects, the effect is achieved due to the transfer of the largest boiler houses from fuel oil or diesel fuel to gas: the cost of generating heat energy in this case can be reduced by 2–3 times. For some time, the cost of fuel oil and diesel fuel was lower due to tax preferences for refineries, but now the production of 1 Gcal on gas is already three times cheaper than the production of 1 Gcal on diesel fuel or fuel oil. And in the long term, a further rise in the price of liquid fuel is expected in comparison with gas. With sufficient gasification of the area, the transition to gas boiler houses seems inevitable. This means that Gazprom's participation in modernization programs for the heat and power industry is highly desirable as one of the main beneficiaries of this modernization.

Example

Let us estimate the economic effect of introducing a heat supply scheme with an electronic model for a city with a population of 30-50 thousand people and with 5-10 boiler houses (100-150 Gcal / h).

The cost of measures to modernize the heat supply system is about 50 million rubles. in year. Costs of ineffective planning ~ 10%, i.e. 5 million rubles. A detailed heat supply scheme with an electronic model costs 1–1.2 million rubles. Such a scheme will significantly reduce the costs of ineffective planning.

• What are the requirements for a resource supply agreement?

Obstacles to the introduction of the latest information technologies in the housing sector

What problems are encountered when introducing electronic models at resource-supplying enterprises? Our experience shows that the list frequent problems are usually the following.

1. Low profitability or unprofitableness of many heat supply organizations and water utilities. As a result, there are no free funds, other tasks are a priority - for example, repair of networks and sources.

2. Lack of sufficiently qualified personnel, as well as insufficient automation of the software available on the market for solving these problems by less qualified personnel.

3. The lack of the administrations of cities, settlements, districts (responsible for the development and updating of heat supply, water supply and wastewater disposal schemes) of sufficient funds for the high-quality development of schemes and understanding of the requirements for heat supply, water supply and wastewater disposal schemes.

4. Problems of interdepartmental interaction and standardization. Developers of general plans do not always provide data to the developers of heat supply schemes or administrations, heat supply organizations. The format of the data presented does not always meet the requirements, or there are no requirements for the data exchange formats themselves.

To solve the problem of low profitability or unprofitableness of heat supply organizations and water utilities, it is necessary to develop reasonable methods and systems for calculating the cost of production and sale of heat, water supply and sanitation services and corresponding tariffs, taking into account the necessary costs for operation, modernization and development of systems. It is also necessary to expand the practice and volume of municipal bonds to finance projects for the modernization and development of communal infrastructure, include these works in investment programs, delegate some of the work to developers.

The lack of sufficiently qualified personnel at heat supply enterprises was noted by many participants in the industry. scientific and practical conference"Heat supply-2016: priorities of strategic development", which took place on September 7-8 in Moscow. However, this problem was not given sufficient attention in the draft Strategy for the development of heat supply and cogeneration in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020 *. It is useful to develop distance (via the Internet) part-time education, to increase the functionality of the software used in the industry to reduce the need for qualified personnel. For example, at the courses at GeoInfoGrad, one can learn to use the GIS programs Zulu, ZuluThermo, ZuluHydro, ZuluDrain when creating electronic calculation models of heat, water supply, drainage systems, setting up heating networks, for hydraulic calculations and optimization of hydraulic modes of water supply and wastewater networks.

* www.energosovet.ru

On the modern market, software is presented that automates many processes of accounting, presentation, calculations and modeling of heat supply systems. However, there are still quite a few tasks that still await automation.

Simulation in heat supply is also used to solve problems:

• automation and dispatching of boiler rooms and networks;
• control over fuel consumption and consumed heat;
• monitoring the state of heat supply systems;
• supporting decision-making on the development of heat supply systems;
• assessing the economic efficiency of measures and economic regulation in the field of heat supply.

The last three tasks have to be solved as part of the process of developing or updating the heat supply scheme.

Existing software solutions provide most of the needs of an enterprise that carries out commissioning and hydraulic calculations of heating networks. In particular, in the composition of the domestic software package ZuluThermo includes the following components:

• geographic information system;
• module for solving switching tasks;
• module for checking thermal-hydraulic calculation of the heating network (calculation of modes);
• module for commissioning thermohydraulic calculation of the heating network (commissioning) according to OST 36-68-82;
• module for design calculation;
• Software for building piezometric graphs (Fig. 1);
• module for calculating standard heat losses in heating networks;
• module for calculating the reliability of the heat supply system.

The set of capabilities of this GIS (with modules) almost completely meets the requirements for an electronic model of a heat supply scheme in accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated February 22, 2012 No. 154. However, in practice, a number of insufficiently automated tasks remain.

The first is the collection and processing of initial data, followed by loading the results into the heat network database. For a faster and better development or updating of the heat supply scheme during the work in LLC GeoInfoGrad, partial automation of this process was carried out. Automatic calculations are performed in Microsoft Excel, which allows the engineers of the heating grid enterprise to enter the requested initial data in the usual format. The calculation results can be exported both to the ZuluThermo semantic database for further work, and directly to reports on the heat supply scheme.

Determination of the hydraulic characteristics of the system according to the standard ORGRES methodology (RD 34.20.519–97 *) may be complicated by the need to disconnect consumers during the tests. In accordance with the methodology, it is required to separate the circulation ring from the sections of the supply and return lines from the heat source and the cut-in jumper at the end of the ring. It creates special modes associated with increased water consumption. Since this is not always possible, GeoInfoGrad has developed its own methodology, similar to that of VTI (RD 153–34.1–20.526–00 **). It allows you to determine the hydraulic characteristics of pipelines of water heating networks under operating conditions based on measurements at the control points of the network, including using ultrasonic flow meters with attachment sensors.

* RD 34.20.519–97 "Guidelines for testing water heating networks for hydraulic losses." Approved by the Department of Science and Technology of RAO "UES of Russia" on April 25, 1997

** RD 153–34.1–20.526–00 “Guidelines for testing water heating networks for hydraulic losses without disrupting operating modes”. Approved by the Department of Development Strategy and Scientific and Technical Policy of RAO "UES of Russia" on May 4, 2000.

• GIS Housing and Communal Services: step-by-step instructions for registering and adding information

Tasks for Automating System Modeling

1. Automation of search and elimination of errors in the source data

The customer may provide incomplete, conflicting or outdated system parameter data. Straightforward use of such data inevitably leads to errors in the model. Some of the simple errors - unfilled initial data, obviously unreal data - are found by the ZuluThermo program. However, many less obvious errors still remain and require an analysis of the calculated results. We have developed a methodology for localizing and classifying errors, which is used by leading experts in the development of models for commissioning activities.

The classification of errors makes it possible to identify the source of their occurrence based on the results of hydraulic calculations. We distinguish the following main types of errors in the network model:

• wrong pipe diameters;
• incorrect network topology;
• incorrect load values ​​on the consumer side;
• incorrect source parameters (pressure in the return line, available head);
• incorrect temperature schedule.

To indicate the error, a piezograph is built, and its behavior in different parts of the network allows you to indicate with a high degree of confidence one of the described types of errors. The technique has already been successfully applied by our partners.

2. Calibration of the computer model of the system

As a rule, enterprises do not have initial data for hydraulic (calibration) and commissioning calculations: roughness and overgrowth, resistance of network sections, resistance of indoor heating systems, heat exchangers, diameters of installed washers and nozzles of elevators. It is often not possible to perform a hydraulic test to determine hydraulic performance. Reasons: it is impossible to measure directly physically, or it is too expensive financially - the economy of the enterprise does not allow; there are no qualified employees who, in accordance with the existing methods, are able to perform hydraulic tests and, based on their results, calculate these parameters; there are no free funds, knowledge to attract qualified employees, organizations.

Calculations in ZuluThermo do not make it possible to calculate the required parameters directly, but allow for several iterations to select these values ​​at “critical” sections of the network and then extend them to similar sections.

An example of a sequence of actions:

1) request for parameters (pressure, flow rate, temperature) by control points: sources, central heating stations, problem and end consumers;

2) verification of "errors" - inspection (as an option - selective) with photographing networks, wells, cameras, heating points; taking readings of measuring instruments, metering devices; measurements using portable measuring devices (pyrometer, ultrasonic flow meter);

3) assessment of the unknown pressure drop (hydraulic resistance) on the in-house heating systems of consumers. The so-called Legostin formula is used. It is based on the rule of thumb applied by the experienced heat engineer S.G. Legostin. In formalized form, this rule looks like this:

-∆H = 0.4 0.6Q,

where ∆H is the pressure drop across the in-house heating system, m of water. Art .;

This formula is used as a first approximation to calculate (fit) this unknown "immeasurable" parameter;

4) selection of equivalent roughness - solution of the inverse problem of verification hydraulic calculation.

As a first approximation, we take:

The choice of "critical" sections, the number of necessary iterations, the accuracy of the result obtained are significantly influenced by the qualifications and intuition of the performer. This will determine the accuracy, adequacy of the resulting model of the heat supply system, which means the quality of the measures developed on its basis for setting up the heat supply system and, accordingly, the number of consumers requiring regulation in the next heating period, the volume and cost of these works.

Automation (programming) of such procedures will reduce the requirements for the qualifications of personnel, the timing and cost of work on the adjustment and regulation of heat supply systems, and increase the accuracy and quality of the result. The main (technical) results of the proposed solution:

• automated determination of control points - places of measurements of system parameters for model calibration;
• automated determination of equivalent roughness of network sections and hydraulic resistances of in-house systems based on measurement data at control points without disrupting the operating modes of the heat supply system.

3. Connecting a new consumer

There is: a working heat supply system (s) and a plan for the construction of a building (buildings) - a consumer (consumers) of heat. Tasks: to identify the optimal point (points) of connection of the consumer (consumers) to heating networks; determine the necessary measures for the reconstruction (construction of elements) of the heat supply system (networks, sources, central heating stations, pumping stations), setting up the system for connecting new consumers without prejudice to old ones (without losing the quality, safety and reliability of heat supply), taking into account the optimization of the cost of these measures and long-term economic effect of connection.

• Unaccounted water costs and losses: methodology for identifying and controlling

4. Automation of development, updating and verification of electronic models and heat supply schemes

For a heat supply scheme, only a paper document is not enough. It should be computer system, which allows, on the basis of the initial data, to calculate the calculated values ​​of the parameters of the heat supply system and automatically generate a "paper" heat supply scheme as a reporting document. When updating - automatically recalculate everything.

GeoInfoGrad has developed a system for automation of the heat supply scheme for the urban district of Fryazino, which complements the electronic model based on the ZuluThermo software and calculation complex. It allows you to analyze the existing state of the heat supply system of the urban district and simulate its development in accordance with the city development plan and the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 22.02.2012 No. 154.

Among the main results of using the model are prospective balances of heat capacity, heat carrier and fuel, costs and income from heat sales, as well as financial results of the heat supply organization, taking into account the costs of construction and reconstruction of heat sources and heat networks, forecast of the cost of generated and supplied heat energy. This solution can be considered as a prototype of the required automated system "Heat supply scheme".

The developed Automation System for the heat supply scheme includes the following subsystems:

• data module on climate, fuel used, GOST and OST requirements, etc .;
• general plan data;
• data on existing and prospective heat supply zones;
• fuel balances;
• balances of power and coolant;
• calculation of material and financial costs for heat supply zones;
• justification of investments in the development of heat supply systems.

If data is entered into the first three modules, then all other necessary calculations are made on their basis. The data is presented in a form ready both for insertion into a report and for use in creating an electronic model.

Example of application of the Heat supply circuit automation system - updating the heat supply circuit of the Fryazino urban district until 2029. In particular, an electronic model of the heat supply system in ZuluThermo was created for the heat supply circuit, adjustment of heating networks and simulation of emergency modes: www.geoinfograd.ru/f/shema- fr.

The main capabilities of the Automation System for heat supply schemes and its significant differences from the electronic model of the heat supply system that meet the requirements of the RF Government Decree No. 154 of 22.02.2012 are shown in Fig. 2.

In the future, the following functions should be implemented in the system:

• automatic determination of the required list of source data;
• automated issuance of a request for the provision of initial data;
• automated compilation of forms (tables) to fill in with source data;
• automatic check of entering the necessary data;
• automated processing of initial data and automated calculation of intermediate data required for drawing up a heat supply scheme;
• automated filling of forms (tables) characterizing the heat supply scheme (in accordance with the guidelines for drawing up heat supply schemes);
• automated drawing up of a reporting document for the heat supply scheme;
• automatic verification of the document for compliance with the requirements of the Government of the Russian Federation of 22.02.2012 No. 154;
• automated modification of the heat supply scheme, including for annual updating.

Additional functions will also be useful:

• automatic issuance of instructions for the implementation (implementation) of the heat supply scheme;
• automated drawing up of business plans to attract investment.

The automation system must be compatible with Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, GIS Zulu, ZuluThermo and retain functionality when drawing up a heat supply scheme for any type of settlement - urban districts and urban settlements, rural settlements.

conclusions

To automate many tasks (processes) of accounting, modeling, adjustment and planning of the development of district heating, water supply and sanitation systems, special software has been developed today. Both organizations and utilities are already using it. However, many tasks (processes) in this area are still not automated (programmed) or insufficiently automated. To automate them, it is necessary to confirm the need for this industry enterprises, set priorities, clarify requirements, develop standards for the corresponding automated systems (software).

Automation (programming) of such procedures and the use of modern information technologies in the field of housing and communal services will reduce the requirements for the qualifications of personnel or the number of specialists required, reduce the time and cost of work on setting up and regulating heat supply systems, optimizing the hydraulic operating modes of centralized water supply and sanitation systems, developing and updating schemes of heat supply, water supply and sewerage, as well as to improve the accuracy, quality of the result.

Housing and communal services is a complex of sub-sectors that ensures the functioning of the engineering infrastructure, various buildings of settlements, creating the convenience and comfort of living and finding citizens in them by providing them with a wide range of housing and communal services.

Today the housing and communal services are a complex, diversified production and technical complex. It includes: housing and maintenance and repair production; water supply and sanitation; communal energy; external improvement, including sanitary cleaning and greening of cities. Utilities includes:

• Water supply - elimination of leaks of water pipes, water purification system
• Sewerage - wastewater disposal
• Overhaul of buildings
• Current repair of internal general building utilities and systems (buildings)
• · Heat supply - ensuring the supply of hot water and heat to residents, ensuring the operation of boiler houses and thermal power plants. Disruption of service can cause a fuel and energy crisis.
• Collection, removal and disposal of garbage
• Maintenance of adjoining territories (improvement)
• · Power supply.

This industry, without which the vital activity of a person, city, territory is practically impossible, requires the formation of an effective mechanism for interaction between scientific and industrial organizations with local governments and the population in order to reform the housing and communal complex for its transfer to a qualitatively new material and technical base.

To solve any of the existing problems of the housing and communal sector, the use of information technology is required. Modern information technologies allow keeping records of the consumption of heat, water and energy resources, organizing control over the state of objects, ensuring interaction between suppliers and consumers of resources. High-quality and reliable information is the most valuable resource demanded by all market participants. The use of ICT in the field of housing and communal services allows authorities to quickly monitor the situation, which is necessary for budgeting and accounting for current payments, planning and monitoring work, developing a regulatory framework; ICT investors will be helped to calculate the required investments and the possible return on them.

For ordinary citizens, end consumers of housing and communal services, the introduction of information technologies will allow them to control the resources they consume and optimize their use.

It is also important that the transition to the widespread use of information technologies in housing and communal services, leading to the facilitation of payment procedures and the transition to payments for consumed, not released resources, also has a significant social effect. Even a simple informing of market participants about the housing reform itself and saving money on current payments due to the use of new consumption metering technologies can have a positive effect on the attitude of market participants towards housing and communal services reform.

Today Information Systems Housing and communal services have already been introduced and are successfully operating in a number of regions. So in 2007, a competition was held by the Ministry of Industry and Energy to develop technical regulations for the requirements for a hardware and software complex for energy accounting in housing and communal services. Such technologies are gradually appearing in Russian cities - not only in Moscow, St. Petersburg, but also in Nizhny Novgorod, Sverdlovsk region, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, Surgut, Perm, etc.

In Nizhny Novgorod, on the basis of already implemented solutions, a unified system of payment for housing and communal services has been introduced. Payment transactions are carried out in real time - these technologies are similar to those used by operators cellular... In addition, a prepayment system is introduced here, which will allow you to pay the rent before the vacation.

In the Sverdlovsk Region, payment collection procedures have been optimized ahead of the heating season. The problem with delayed payments was solved with the help of the Complex Settlement Center (CEC), available in 36 cities of the Middle Urals and serving 490 thousand subscribers. In Yekaterinburg, a complex settlement center also ensures transparency and efficiency of incoming payments, and funds for utilities are sent to the accounts of their suppliers.

The geography of implementation is quite extensive, however, the "pioneers of automation" were, as a rule, large cities and, mainly, donor regions.

Housing and communal services (hereinafter housing and communal services) is a branch of the service sector and the most important part of the territorial infrastructure that determines the conditions of human life, primarily the comfort of the home, its engineering improvement, the quality and reliability of transport, communications, household and other services on which depends health status, quality of life and social climate in settlements.

The following subsectors are distinguished in the housing and communal services:

1. Housing and maintenance production

2. Water supply and sewerage;

3. Utilities (electricity, heat, gas supply);

4. City transport (bus, tram, trolleybus);

5. Information economy (cable networks, satellite television, fiber-optic systems and electronic communication channels, computer communication and support systems);

6. External urban improvement, including road facilities and road transport construction;

7. Sanitary cleaning of territories (street cleaning, house cleaning with disposal of household and food waste);

8. Green economy (urban greening, floriculture);

9. Consumer services (baths, laundries, ritual services, etc.);

The branches of urban economy and housing and communal services are closely related to the regional economy. The urban economy can be viewed as a complex of services, enterprises, engineering structures and networks necessary to meet the daily household, socio-cultural, and communal needs of the population. The urban economy includes enterprises that perform both production and non-production functions, including transport serving the population of the city (territory), consumer services, communications, trade, public catering and some other industries.

The features of housing and communal services as a branch of the national economy include:

· A combination of production and non-production functions associated with the manufacture of material products and the provision of services;

· Special social significance, increasing the need for state regulation and control by consumers;

A combination of commercial (profit-oriented) and non-profit organizations;

· The industry is represented both by natural monopolies (transportation of energy and liquids) and by industries in which competition is possible and necessary (production of goods and services);

· A variety of organizational and legal status of entrepreneurship (with and without the formation of a legal entity) and forms of ownership;

· A combination of large (energy production, Vodokanal, pipeline networks, etc.) and small businesses;

· The dispersal of service delivery centers in accordance with the settlement system, which determines the special role of local self-government bodies;

· The special importance of environmental and sanitary-epidemiological control;

· The need for guaranteed provision of a minimum of services regardless of the population's ability to pay;

· A variety of consumers (citizens, their associations, enterprises, budgetary organizations). Increasing requirements for housing and communal services, its development and improvement acts as an important factor in raising the standard of living of people, improving their living conditions and developing the culture of the population.

Utilities includes housing and utilities. Housing and communal services industries can be classified as follows:

· Sanitary services (water supply, sewerage, sanitary cleaning enterprises);

· Intracity passenger transport of general use (tram, trolleybus, bus, subway);

Municipal energy (heat, electric, gas networks,

utility boilers, power plants and gas plants not included in the general electrical systems);

· Utilities (baths, laundries, hairdressers, hotels);

· External urban improvement (road and bridge facilities, landscaping, street lighting);

· Subsidiary enterprises of housing and communal services (repair plants, workshops).

The city economy also includes city (municipal) and district (local) government bodies, financial and credit institutions, bodies for the support and protection of public order, institutions of science and scientific services of intracity significance. At the same time, the urban economy is not a simple set of the listed spheres, but an integrated "vascular system" linking together all the elements of service of the city (territory).

Among the specific features of housing and communal services, it should also be attributed to its diversified nature; predominantly local nature of the service; close relationship with industry; the relationship of industries and enterprises, serving the features of reproduction processes.

The leading branch of the urban economy, the most complex and ramified

is housing and communal services.

Sub-sectors of housing and communal services, meeting the corresponding needs of the population, provide the necessary conditions for normal human life and the functioning of both the social and industrial structure of the region. Housing and communal services form the appropriate quality of life of the population, culture of life and way of life, in many respects determines the socio-economic potential of the territories, their investment attractiveness.

Despite the diversified structure of housing and communal services, it is an integral system that ensures the normal life of a person, the functioning of the social and industrial infrastructure of the territory.

According to expert estimates, housing and communal services cover on average from 50 to 70% of fixed assets in municipal ownership and thus serves as the material basis for the functioning of local executive authorities and the most important area of ​​their social responsibility. The lack of funds for the maintenance and repair of housing and communal services due to the irrational mechanism of their formation and use, frequent and unjustified reorganizations of the management structure of housing and communal services led to a sharp decrease in the reliability of the functioning of housing and communal services. Their accident rate increased by 38%.

The lack of funding for housing and communal services is aggravated by the lack of proper regulatory and legal support for the functioning of this service sector.

In connection with a general decline in the standard of living of the population and an increase in tariffs, the demand for many paid types of services (repair and maintenance of the housing stock, household services, etc.) has significantly decreased, the circle of their consumers is shrinking. As a result, the gap in the volume and quality of public services provided in countries with developed market economies has sharply increased. This causes social tension in society, especially in winter. Analysis of the level of provision of the population with housing and communal services based on these sources shows that the gap between the necessary and practical levels of consumption of housing and communal services in the 90s. is constantly increasing: the average level of provision of the population with a total living space, per capita, is 1.5-2 times lower than the rational standard and 3-5 times lower than in countries with developed market economies, with 9.8 million families (including singles) lives in hostels and communal apartments. Only in a few other cities has the provision of housing increased due to new housing construction.

On average, one person accounts for 17.7 square meters. total living space, while a third of families (including singles) have less than 9 sq. m. living space. More than 5 million people lives in dilapidated and dilapidated houses.

The level of improvement of the housing stock remains low, a significant part of it does not meet the standards, not only in terms of volume, but also in terms of quality characteristics. In cities and urban-type settlements, every fifth apartment is not equipped with centralized water supply, sewerage, central heating. Today they are home to more than 40 million people.

The crisis of housing and communal services as a service sector is caused by a combination of reasons: weak technical base of the industry; lack of capacity; lack of necessary funds for development and current maintenance, etc. Their deep foundation is an ineffective and inappropriate mechanism for setting tariffs and collecting payments for utilities, payment systems and control over the use of resources for the development of housing and communal services.

Since 1990, the growth rate of housing construction has been steadily declining due to rising prices for building materials and equipment, while their production declines, increasing transportation costs, and a sharp decline in centralized financing for housing construction.

Housing and communal services are among the most monopolized sectors of the national economy. Monopoly in the housing and communal services system does not allow consumers to protect their rights, reduces the responsibility of organizations for the provision of housing and communal services and their quality, and leads to the formation of monopoly prices.

Analysis of the development of the information support system for the housing and communal sector allows you to structure the data used to support the enterprises of the housing and communal services and are of interest to them.

The following types of information resources are in greatest demand:

1. Regulatory documents;

2. Methodical developments;

3. Information related to the municipal order;

4. Investment projects, support systems;

5. Tariffs, prices, financial schemes;

6. Regional monitoring of the progress of management reform and energy saving;

7. Materials, equipment, machines, technologies;

8. Business press;

9. Socio-economic information.