Subject: Creating inter-table relationships. Creating a selection query, with a parameter and a final query.

Open the database created in the previous lab Dean's office of the TF .

Creating inter-table relationships

Select an object in the database window Tables . Click on the button " Scheme data " on the toolbar or execute the command " Service »  « Scheme data " using the command menu. A window will appear on the screen: Scheme data " and window " Addition tables "(Fig. 18).

Rice. 18. Data Schema Dialog Box and Add Table Dialog Box

In the window " Addition tables " on the tab " Tables » lists all database tables. To create relationships between tables, you need to move them from the " Addition tables "out the window" Scheme data " To transfer a table, select it with a mouse click and click on the button “ Add " After transferring the necessary tables, close the window " Addition tables ».

Move all tables to the window " Scheme data " Resize the table windows so that all the text is visible (Fig. 19).

To create a relationship between tables Students And Ratings in accordance with Data schema you need to move the mouse cursor to the field Student code in the table Students and with the mouse button pressed, drag this field onto the field Student code in the table Ratings , and then release the mouse button. The window “ Change connections "(Fig. 20).

Check the property " Security integrity data " by clicking on it. Select the checkboxes in the properties " Cascade update related fields " And " Cascade deletion related fields " This will allow you to edit records only in the table Students , and in the table Ratings these actions on linked records will be performed automatically.

To create a connection, click on the button " Create ».

Rice. 19. Appearance of the database data schema " Dean's office of the TF» before making connections

Rice. 20. Dialog box for specifying connection parameters between table fields

Likewise according to Data schema connections are created between the remaining tables (Fig. 21).

Rice. 21. Database Data Schema " Dean's office of the TF»

Reply when closing the data diagram window Yes to the question about saving the layout.

Created relationships between database tables can be changed.

To change connections you need to call the window “ Scheme data " After this, place the mouse cursor on the connection that needs to be changed and right-click. A context menu will appear (Fig. 22):

Rice. 22. Communication context menu

If you select the command " Delete ", then after confirmation the connection will be deleted. If you need to change the connection, select the command " Change connection " After that, in the window that appears “ Change connections " (at the top of it) select the fields in the tables that you want to link and click on the button " Create ».

Requests

Queries are used to select or search data from one or more tables. You can use queries to view, analyze, and modify data from multiple tables. They are also used as a data source for forms and reports. Queries allow you to calculate totals and display them in a compact format, as well as perform calculations on groups of records.

We will develop requests in the mode Designer .

IN Access You can create the following types of queries:

Sample request .

This is the most commonly used request type. This type of query returns data from one or more tables and displays it as a table. Select queries can also be used to group records and calculate sums, averages, count records, and find other types of totals. To change the selection conditions, you need to change the request.

Request with parameters .

This is a prompt that, when executed, displays its own dialog box prompting you to enter the data or value you want to insert into a field. This data or value may change each time the request is made. Cross request

.

Used for calculations and presentation of data in a structure that facilitates their analysis. A cross-section query calculates the sum, average, number of values, or performs other statistical calculations, and then groups the results in a table across two sets of data, one defining the column headings and the other defining the row headings.

Change request

.

This is a query that modifies or moves multiple records in one operation. There are four types of change requests: 1. To delete an entry. This query deletes a group of records from one or more tables. 2. To update the record. Makes general changes to a group of records in one or more tables. Allows you to change data in tables. 1. To delete an entry. This query deletes a group of records from one or more tables. 3. To add records. Appends a group of records from one or more tables to the end of one or more tables. 4. To create a table. Creates a new table from all or part of the data from one or more tables. .

Theory A select query allows you to select data from one or more tables based on a specific condition. As a result of executing the query, a table containing the selected data is displayed on the screen. Queries can be created using SQL statements or using a query template. In this case, the SQL statement that implements this query is created automatically.

Theory To create a query, you need to open the database, go to the Queries tab and select “Create a query in design mode”

Example In the Dean's Office database, you need to find the addresses (dormitory number and room) of all girls in group 9701. Display last names in alphabetical order, dorm number and room. To create a query, you need to open the database, go to the Queries tab and select “Create a query in design mode”

Example Two windows will appear on the screen: a request form and a window for adding tables. In the add tables window, only those tables whose fields are needed in the query are selected.

Example The fields Last name, gender, group are in the “Students” table, the dormitory number and room fields are in the “Dormitory” table. Therefore, in the Add Tables window, select these tables and click the Add button. Then click the Close button. Result:

Example The result of a query should be a table containing the fields Last Name, Dormitory Number and Room. Let's drag these fields from the tables at the top of the form to the bottom using LMB.

Example Result: The Table Name line and the Display line are automatically filled in. A bird means that the field value is displayed on the screen. To display last names in alphabetical order, select the Last Name field in the Sort Ascending line.

Example We need to filter by the fields Gender and Group. Therefore, let's drag these fields from the tables to the Field row. These fields do not need to be displayed on the screen, so we will remove the check mark in the Output to screen line. Result:

Example Fill in the Selection Condition line. In this line, for the Gender field we indicate w (see table), and for the Group field we indicate 9701. Result: These fields are of text type. Double quotes were added automatically. To complete the request, click

Creating selection conditions Selection conditions are restrictions placed on the query to determine the records with which it will work. In selection conditions: the value of a date/time type field is enclosed in number signs (#). For example, #05. 02. 2009# the value of a text type field is in straight lines double quotes("). To combine two fields of text type, the operator & is used. The field name is enclosed in square brackets (). The selection condition is written in the request form in the line “Selection condition” in the field for which the comparison is made.

Checking a range of values ​​To check for equality, the = sign can be omitted. Selection condition Selection result = "Ivanov" Selection of records containing surnames, starting with "Ivanov" and to the end of the alphabet, in the "Surname" field Between Selection of records containing #02 in the "Date" field. 99# And dates ranging from February 2, 1999 to December 1, 1999 #01. 12. 99# Not "USA" Selection of records containing in the "Country" field any country except the USA

Combining selection conditions using the and and or operators If expressions are entered into several Selection Condition cells, they are automatically combined using the And or Or operators. If the expressions are in different cells, but on the same line, then Microsoft Access uses the And operator

Combining selection conditions using the and and or operators If the expressions are on different lines of the query form, then Microsoft Access uses the Or operator.

Part of the field value (Like) The Like operator works in much the same way as file search patterns. Expression Selection results Like "C*" Names begin with the letter C Like "[A-D]*" Names range from A to D Like "*tr*" Names contain a combination of letters "tr" Like "? ? " Names consist four letter

Empty field value Expression Selection results Is Null Selection by a field that contains a Null value, that is, it is empty " " Selection by a field that contains a zero-length string

Request with a parameter Parameter – information for the request entered from the keyboard. Used in the selection condition. The text of the message is indicated in square brackets. At the end there must be “:” When executing such a request, the following window is displayed: Result.

If you need to select specific data from one or more sources, you can use a select query. A pull query allows you to get only the information you need and also helps you combine information from multiple sources. You can use tables and other similar queries as data sources for selection queries. This section briefly discusses sample requests and suggests step by step instructions to create them using the Query Wizard or in the Designer.

If you want to learn more about how queries work using the Northwind database as an example, check out the article Understanding Queries.

In this article

General information

When there is a need for some data, it is rare that all the contents of one table are needed. For example, if you need information from a contact table, typically we're talking about about a specific record or just a phone number. Sometimes it is necessary to combine data from several tables at once, for example, to combine information about clients with information about customers. Select queries are used to select the required data.

A select query is a database object that displays information in table view. The query does not store data, but does contain data that is stored in tables. A query can display data from one or more tables, from other queries, or a combination of both.

Benefits of queries

The request allows you to perform the following tasks:

View values ​​only from fields that interest you. When you open a table, all fields are displayed. You can save a query that only returns a few of them.

Note: The query only returns data, but does not store it. When you save a request, you are not saving a copy of the associated data.

Combine data from multiple sources. In a table, you can usually only see the information that is stored in it. The query allows you to select fields from different sources and specify how exactly you want to combine the information.

Use expressions as fields. For example, a field can be a function that returns a date, and using the formatting function you can control the format of values ​​from fields in the query results.

View posts that meet the criteria you specify. When you open a table, all records are displayed. You can save a query that only returns a few of them.

Basic steps for creating a select query

You can create a select query using the wizard or query designer. Some elements are not available in the wizard, but can be added later from the designer. Although this different ways, the main steps are similar.

Select the tables or queries you want to use as data sources.

Specify the fields from your data sources that you want to include in your results.

You can also set conditions that limit the set of record requests that are returned.

Once you've created a select query, run it to see the results. To run a select query, open it in Datasheet view. Once you save a query, you can use it later (for example, as a data source for a form, report, or other query).

Create a select query using the Query Wizard

The wizard allows you to automatically create a selection request. When you use a wizard, you don't have complete control over all the details of the process, but the request is usually created faster this way. In addition, the wizard sometimes detects in the request simple mistakes and offers to choose another action.

Preparation

If you use fields from data sources that are not related, the Query Wizard prompts you to create relationships between them. He will open relationship window, however, if you make any changes, you will need to restart the wizard. Therefore, before running the wizard, it makes sense to immediately create all the relationships that your query will require.

For more information on creating relationships between tables, see the Table Relationships Guide.

Using the Query Wizard

On the tab Creation in Group This is a query that modifies or moves multiple records in one operation. There are four types of change requests: click the button Query Wizard.

In the dialog box New request select item Simple request and press the button OK.

Now add the fields. You can add up to 255 fields from 32 tables or queries.

For each field, do the following two steps:




1. If you haven't added any numeric fields (fields that contain numeric data), skip to step 9. When you add a numeric field, you'll need to choose whether the query will return details or totals.

   Do one of the following:

   
   

2. In the dialog box Results specify the required fields and summary data types. Only numeric fields will be available in the list.

   For each numeric field, select one of the following options:

   1. Sum- the query will return the sum of all values ​​specified in the field.

      Avg- the query will return the average value of the field.

      Min- the request will return minimum value, specified in the field.

      Max- the request will return the maximum value specified in the field.

   
   

If you want the query results to display the number of records in the data source, select the corresponding check box Count the number of records in (data source name).

Click OK to close the dialog box Results.

If you did not add any date and time fields to your query, proceed to step 9. If you added date and time fields to your query, the Query Wizard prompts you to choose how to group date values. Let's say you added a numeric field ("Price") and a date and time field ("Transaction_Time") to the query, and then in the dialog box Results indicated that you want to display the average value for the "Price" numeric field. Because you added a date and time field, you can calculate totals for each unique date and time value, such as each month, quarter, or year.




Select the period you want to use to group date and time values, and then click Further.

On the last page of the wizard, enter a name for the request, indicate whether you want to open or edit it, and click Ready.

If you choose to open a query, it will display the selected data in Datasheet view. If you decide to edit the query, it opens in Design view.

Creating a Query in Design View

In Design view, you can manually create a select query. In this mode, you have more control over the query creation process, but it is easier to make mistakes and takes more time than in the wizard.

Create a request

Step 1: Add data sources

In design mode, data sources and fields are added at different stages because the dialog box is used to add sources Adding a table. However you can always add additional sources Later.

Automatic connection

If relationships are already defined between the data sources you add, they are automatically added to the query as connections. Joins define how data from related sources should be combined. Access also automatically creates a join between two tables if they contain fields with compatible data types and one of them is a primary key.

You can customize the connections added Access application. Access selects the type of connection to create based on the relationship that matches it. If Access creates a join but does not have a relationship defined for it, Access adds an inner join.

Reusing one data source

In some cases, you can join two copies of the same table or query, which is called a self-join, and will join records from the same table if there are matching values ​​in the joined fields. For example, let's say you have an Employees table in which the "reports to" field for each employee's record displays their manager ID instead of their name. You can use a self-join to display the manager's name on each employee's record.

When you add a data source a second time, Access will end the name of the second instance with "_1". For example, if you add the Employees table again, its second instance will be named Employees_1.

Step 2: Connect related data sources

If the data sources you add to the query already have relationships, Access automatically creates an inner join for each relationship. If data integrity is used, Access also displays a "1" above the join line to show which table is on the "one" side of the element of the one-to-many relationship and the infinity symbol ( ∞ ) to show which table is on the "many" side.

If you have added other queries to a query and have not created relationships between them, Access does not automatically create joins between them or between queries and tables that are not related. If Access doesn't create connections when you add data sources, you typically need to create them manually. Data sources that are not connected to other sources can cause problems in query results.

You can also change the join type from an inner join to an outer join so that the query includes more records.

Adding a connection

Changing the connection

Once the connections are created, you can add output fields: these will contain the data you want to display in the results.

Step 3: Add display fields

You can easily add a field from any data source you added in step 1.

To do this, drag the field from the source in the top area of ​​the query designer window down to the row Field request form (at the bottom of the designer window).

When you add a field this way, Access automatically fills in the row Table in the designer table according to the field's data source.

Advice: To quickly add all the fields to the Field row of a query form, double-click the table or query name in the top pane to select all the fields in it, and then drag them all down onto the form at once.

Using an Expression as an Output Field

You can use an expression as an output field for calculations or to generate query results using a function. Expressions can use data from any query source, as well as functions such as Format or InStr, constants, and arithmetic operators.

In an empty column of the query table, click the row Field right click mouse and select in context menu paragraph Scale.

In field Scale Type or paste the required expression. Before the expression, type the name you want to use for the result of the expression, followed by a colon. For example, to denote the result of an expression as " Last update", enter the phrase before it Last update:.

Note: With the help of expressions you can perform the most different tasks. Their detailed consideration is beyond the scope of this article. For more information about creating expressions, see the article Creating Expressions.

Step 4: Specify conditions

It's not obligatory.

Using conditions, you can limit the number of records that a query returns, selecting only those whose field values ​​meet specified criteria.

Defining conditions for a display field

In the query designer table in the row Selection condition field whose values ​​you want to filter, enter an expression that the values ​​in the field must satisfy to be included in the result. For example, to include in your query only records that have Ryazan in the City field, enter Ryazan in line Selection condition under this field.

Various examples Condition expressions for queries can be found in the article Query Condition Examples.

Specify alternative conditions on the line or below the line Selection condition.

When alternative conditions are specified, a record is included in the query results if the value of the corresponding field satisfies any of the specified conditions.

Conditions for multiple fields

Conditions can be set for multiple fields. In this case, all conditions in the corresponding row must be met for the entry to be included in the results Selection conditions or Or.

Setting conditions based on a field that is not included in the output

You can add a field to a query, but not include its values ​​in the results displayed. This allows you to use the contents of a field to limit the results, but not display it.

Add a field to the query table.

Uncheck the box for it in the line Show.

Set the conditions as for the output field.

Step 5: Calculate totals

This step is optional.

You can also calculate totals for numeric data. For example, you might want to view average price or general sales.

To calculate the total values, the query uses the string Total. Default string Total does not appear in design mode.

With the query open in the designer, on the Design tab, in the Show or Hide group, click Results.

Access will display the line Total on the request form.

For each required field in a row Total select the desired function. The set of available functions depends on the type of data in the field.

For more information about the functionality of the Total row in queries, see Sum or count values ​​in a table using the Total row.

To see the results of the query, on the Design tab, click Execute. Access displays the query results in Datasheet view.

To return to design mode and make changes to the query, click home > View > Constructor.

Customize fields, expressions, or conditions and re-run the query until it returns the data you want.

Create a select query in an Access web app

To make query results available in the browser, you need to add a query view to the table selection screen. To add a new view to the header on the table selection screen, follow these steps:

Purpose of work: Studying techniques for constructing and using queries to select data.

Before execution laboratory work You need to study the following sections:

Types of requests;

Creating queries in design mode;

Rules for recording data selection conditions;

Using built-in functions;

Creating calculated fields;

Using data input/output forms;

Creation of cross and active queries.

Task 1. Creation simple request .

1. Open the database Institute.

2. Click in the Database window on the Queries object.

3. In the Queries window, click the Create button.

4. In the New Query window, select Design and click Ok.

5. In the Add Table window, add all four tables and close the window.

6. Adjust the size and location of the table windows in the data diagram.

7. Drag the corresponding field names (faculty name, group N, specialty name, gradebook N, full name) from the table windows to the request form located under the data schema, observing their specified order. Use one form column for each field that must be included in the selection.

8. View the selection by executing the VIEW/Table Mode command or by clicking the View toolbar button.

9. Return to query designer mode if the selection contains errors and correct the query.

10. Close the request. A dialog box will appear asking you to confirm whether you want to save it. Name the query Select1.

Task 2. Create a simple query to retrieve information from the database, including the same fields as the previous query, but containing information only about commercial students. Such a request is called conditional request.

1. In the Database window, copy the Select1 query by dragging the query icon while pressing the Ctrl key.

2. Rename the query to Select by commercial. To do this, right-click on the request name and select Rename from the context menu.

3. Open the query in design view. Add the Commercial field to your request.

4. Enter the value Yes in the Selection condition field for the Commercial field.

5. Disable display when prompted for the value of the Commercial field. To do this, turn off the display checkbox for this field.

6. Browse the selection by clicking the Run button on the toolbar.

7. Close the request, saving the request layout.

Task 3. Create a query to find the last name and record number of the youngest student in one of the groups.

1. In the Database window, click the Create button and select the Design option.

2. In the Add Table window, select the Student table. Insert all fields of this table into the request form. To do this, first select all the fields in the data diagram using Shift keys, and then drag the request description to the first line of the form.

3. Enter a formula expression in the field Selection condition for the Date of Birth field in accordance with the task. Use the Access Expression Builder tool. To do this, place the cursor in the corresponding cell of the request description table and click on the Build toolbar button.

4. In the Expression Builder window, enter the name of the function DMax. To do this, expand the Functions list in the left pane of the builder and select Built-in functions. Next, in the middle subwindow, select the function category By subset, and in the right subwindow, select the DMax() function. The corresponding function will appear in the main builder window with its arguments indicated.

5. Remove the first argument of the function and insert in its place the name of the Date of Birth field, either by direct keyboard entry, or by clicking on the Tables list in the left pane, and then selecting the Student table and the field in it. IN the latter case you need to remove the unused part of the Expression string. Next, enter the values ​​of the remaining function arguments, so that the function takes the following final form: DMax("[Date of Birth]";"Student";"=851")

6. To write the function into the request description table cell, click the Ok button. Close the request by saving the layout and renaming it Youngest Student Sample. View the result of a query by double-clicking on its name in the database window.

7. Demonstrate the result of your work to the teacher.

Task 4. Create a query to count the number of commercial students in each group.

1. Create new request using tables Faculty, Group, Student.

3. Set the selection condition for the 3rd column to Yes.

4. Set the 1st and 2nd columns of the form to sort in ascending order.

5. Disable display of the 3rd column data.

6. Enter the Commercial field in the 4th column and replace the column name with Number of commercial. To do this, the cell with the field name must contain: Number of commercial: Commercial (new and old column names are separated by a colon)

7. By clicking on the Group Operations toolbar button, add the line to the form Group operation and select the Count operation from the list for the 4th column.

8. View the totaled selection by clicking the Run toolbar button or by executing the QUERY/Run command.

9. Return to Query Design mode by clicking the Dashboard View button.

10. Save the request, giving it the name Counting commercial by groups.

Task 5. Create a query that allows you to see a sample that reflects the number of commercial students for each faculty and each group. Column headings should correspond to the names of faculties, row headings should correspond to group numbers. The sample should also contain a summary column with the total number of commercial students in each department. This type of sampling can be implemented with a cross-query. To apply such a query, it is desirable to have in the database information on 5-6 groups of students studying at 3 faculties.

1. Using the designer, create a new query using the Faculty, Group, Student tables.

2. Enter the Faculty Name field in the 1st column of the request form, the Group N field in the 2nd column, and the Commercial field in the 3rd column.

3. Execute the QUERY/Cross command, or click the Query Type toolbar button and select Cross from the list.

4. Select the values ​​in the row of the Crosstab form by expanding the list in the cells: for the 1st column Row Headings, for the 2nd column – Column Headings, for the 3rd column – Value.

5. Select the Count function for the group operation in the 3rd column.

6. View the cross sample by clicking the Run button.

7. To create a summary column, go back to design mode and insert another Commercial field into the request form. Enter the name of the Total column before the name of this field: In the Group operation row, select Count, and in the Crosstab row, select Row headings.

8. In table mode, reduce the width of the columns of the selection table. To do this, select the columns with data in groups and run the command FORMAT/Column Width/Fit to Data Width.

9. View the edited selection and save the request, giving it the name Number of commercial by groups and faculties.

10. An approximate view of a cross-sectional sample is shown in Fig. 1.

Fig.1. - Cross-sampling of the number of commercial students by groups and faculties.

Task 6. Write a query to list lists of groups, with the group number requested as part of the query. Such a request is called request with parameter. The parameter is the Group Number. The parameter value is entered in the dialog box. To create a request, you must enter the text of the selection condition in square brackets in the cell with the condition.

1. Using the designer, create a new query using one Student table.

2. Enter all the fields of the table in the 1st line of the request form.

3. Enter the text in the cell of the line Selection condition for the N group field: [Enter the group number]

4. Run the request and enter the number of one of the groups in the dialog box that appears. Browse the selection. Save the request and name it Query with Parameter.

5. Demonstrate the result of your work to the teacher.

Today we will start looking at an application like − Microsoft Access 2003, which can create its own databases ( mdb format), as well as create client applications for existing MS-based databases SQL Server. The topic of today's article will be creating new queries from Access, meaning both simple queries and various functions, views and procedures. Here, a query refers to database objects.

About Microsoft Access

Microsoft Access – software Microsoft company, which is a relational DBMS. Has enormous potential for organizing a database, creating separate application, which can interact with many other DBMSs. The most common client-server solution, where the client is an application written in Access ( VBA language, forms and much more), and the server is a DBMS Microsoft SQL Server. However, Access also supports interaction with other DBMSs, for example, MySql or PostgreSQL. We can talk about Access for a long time, but the purpose of today’s article is precisely creating queries ( objects) from Access.

Let's move on to practice and start with a simple mdb database, i.e. how to create these very queries.

Creating queries in Microsoft Access 2003 - MDB database

First, open the database, then click on objects "Requests" and press the button "Create".

Note! This means that you already have a database.

And a new window for selecting the type of request will open in front of you.

Let's look at each of these request types in more detail.

Query Types in Access 2003 - MDB

Constructor- this is creating a request based on the constructor, so to speak in graphic editor, but in it you can switch to sql mode and write the query text as usual. Immediately after launch, a window will open for you to select the necessary tables or existing queries, since existing queries can also be used to select the necessary data, it’s as if "performance".

If you don’t like doing this in a graphical editor, you can switch to SQL mode by clicking the menu item "View", then "SQL Mode".

Simple request- this, one might say, is the same construction set, only a slightly different type and fewer possibilities.

Cross request– this is the so-called transposition of the table, in other words, the output of data that is located in horizontal columns, i.e. Each value from one column will be displayed horizontally in a separate column. This is all done with the help of a wizard, so there should be no problems.

Duplicate entries– as the name suggests, this is a search for duplicate records.

Records without subordinates– this is a search for those records that are missing in a particular table.

With mdb databases it is enough, since they are rarely used in enterprises, they usually use the following scheme - they write a separate client, and all data is stored on the server using a DBMS in our case - this is MS SQL Server, and the client is Access (.adp).

Creating queries in Microsoft Access 2003 - MS SQL Server database

Let's look at creating new queries from an Access client based on MS SQL Server ( It is assumed that you already have an adp client and a database based on MS SQL Server).

Note! This article does not imply learning sql, so by the time you read this article you should already understand the basics of sql and the concept of basic objects in the database such as: view, function, procedure. If you are completely new to this, then first, of course, it is recommended to master SQL, since many of the terms below will not be clear to you. Recommended articles:

• What are VIEWS views in databases? And why are they needed?

The beginning is the same, opens the project, then click on objects "Requests" and press the button "Create".

And now in more detail.

Types of queries in Access 2003 - MS SQL Server database

Built-in function constructor- this, one might say, is a regular view, only parameters can be passed into it, then some queries are executed on the server, and a table is returned. It is a kind of function that returns data in the form of a table. It is addressed as follows ( if we talk about sql):

SELECT * FROM my_test_tabl_func(par1, par2 ……)

After clicking on "OK" To create this function, you will see the already familiar window for adding existing tables and views. But I usually close this window and write the request manually in a special field. In order for this field to be displayed, click the following on the panel:

Then, if you want to add incoming parameters, you can simply put the @ sign and the name of the variable in the condition, for example, like this:

SELECT * FROM table WHERE kod = @par

After on the panel in the function properties

on the tab "function parameters" the parameters that you specified will appear, and they must be transmitted in the order in which they are indicated here.

View constructor- this is the creation of an ordinary idea among ordinary people "Vyuha".

Stored Procedure Constructor– creating a procedure using a constructor, the principle is the same as in the above functions. Let me remind you that the procedure is a set sql statements, both for sampling and changing data.

Entering a Stored Procedure– this is the creation of a procedure using a text editor, i.e. creation of a procedure purely manually. In the end, the same thing as using the constructor. When creating objects in text editor The creation template is already created automatically by access.

Entering a scalar function is creating a function that returns a value. Created using a text editor.

Entering a table function is creating a function that will return a set of records. Looks like a built-in function.

In order to distinguish them in the access client, they have different icons, the same ones that you see when creating this or that object.

When all these objects are created, they are saved on the server, and you can use them not only from your adp project, but also from other clients.

Of course, you can create all these objects on the server using, for example, Enterprise Manager ( deprecated, now SQL Server Management Studio ), but today we are considering the possibility of creating these objects from the access client.

For the basics, I think this is enough, if we talk about this in more detail, it won’t fit in one article, but it seems to me that this is enough to create certain requests. But if you have questions about creating a particular function or procedure, then ask them in the comments, I will try to help.