Household automation

For emergency lighting systems at facilities, 12-volt batteries are most often used - in case of power failure, they provide power for emergency light sources for a long time. But the fact is that the batteries themselves need to be recharged! You can, of course, make sure that they are constantly recharged when they are not being used, but if power outages do not occur too often (say once every two months, or even less often), then it turns out that the battery will be constantly in charging mode, and it is not very useful for him ...
That's why for charging emergency lighting batteries it would be more appropriate to apply automatic charger- it will turn on only when the battery really needs to be charged.
A diagram of such a device is shown in the figure:

The device is powered from an alternating current voltage of 127-220 V and operates as follows. While battery B is being charged, thyristor 77 is open. In this case, the voltage U at the potentiometer R "is lower than the threshold voltage (12-14 V) of the Zener diode D7, and the thyristor T2 is closed.

When the battery voltage approaches the full charge value, the thyristor T2 is turned on, and through the voltage divider R6-R7, a blocking voltage of negative polarity is applied to the control electrode of the thyristor 77. Thyristor 77 closes, the battery is discharged and goes into recharging mode with a low current determined by the resistance value of the resistors Rl, R2 and R3. The value of the recharging current can be set by the resistor R2.

The value of the charging current of the battery can be measured with an ammeter connected instead of jumper P.

The first time the circuit is turned on, it will need to be configured. This is achieved by changing the resistance of the resistor R4 to such a value until a current appears in the battery circuit and thyristor T2 opens.

In the future, the circuit does not need adjustment and works in automatic mode. The device not only recharges, but also maintains rated capacity rechargeable batteries in the emergency power supply system.

The power source for emergency lighting at many sites is 12 V rechargeable batteries. However, during operation, they are discharged and the illumination decreases. The proposed device for automatic recharging of storage batteries in the emergency power supply system during operation is shown in Fig. 28.

The device is powered by an alternating current voltage of 127-220 V and operates as follows. While battery B is being charged, thyristor 77 is open. In this case, the voltage U at the potentiometer R «is lower than the threshold voltage (12-14 V) of the Zener diode D7, and the thyristor T2 is closed.

When the battery voltage approaches the full charge value, thyristor T2 is turned on, and through the voltage divider R6 — R7, a blocking voltage of negative polarity is supplied to the control electrode of the thyristor 77. Thyristor 77 closes, the battery is discharged and goes into recharging mode with a small current, determined by the value of the resistance of the resistors Rl, R2 and R3. The value of the recharging current can be set by the resistor R2.

The value of the battery charging current can be measured with an ammeter connected instead of jumper P. The battery is recharged automatically when its voltage drops so much that thyristor T2 closes.

Rice. 28. Schematic diagram devices for automatic recharging of batteries

The first time the circuit is turned on, it will need to be configured. This is achieved by changing the resistance of the resistor R4 to such a value until a current appears in the battery circuit and thyristor T2 opens.

In the future, the circuit does not need adjustment and works in automatic mode. The device not only recharges, but also maintains the nominal capacity of the batteries in the emergency power system.

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The power source for emergency lighting at many sites is 12 V rechargeable batteries. However, during operation, they are discharged and the illumination decreases. The proposed device for automatic recharging of storage batteries in the emergency power supply system during operation is shown in Fig. 28.

The device is powered by an alternating current voltage of 127-220 V and operates as follows. While battery B is being charged, thyristor 77 is open. In this case, the voltage U at the potentiometer R «is lower than the threshold voltage (12-14 V) of the Zener diode D7, and the thyristor T2 is closed.

When the battery voltage approaches the full charge value, thyristor T2 is turned on, and through the voltage divider R6 — R7, a blocking voltage of negative polarity is supplied to the control electrode of the thyristor 77. Thyristor 77 closes, the battery is discharged and goes into recharging mode with a small current, determined by the value of the resistance of the resistors Rl, R2 and R3. The value of the recharging current can be set by the resistor R2.

The value of the battery charging current can be measured with an ammeter connected instead of jumper P. The battery is recharged automatically when its voltage drops so much that thyristor T2 closes.

Rice. 28. Schematic diagram of a device for automatic recharging of batteries

The first time the circuit is turned on, it will need to be configured. This is achieved by changing the resistance of the resistor R4 to such a value until a current appears in the battery circuit and thyristor T2 opens.

In the future, the circuit does not need adjustment and works in automatic mode. The device not only recharges, but also maintains the nominal capacity of the batteries in the emergency power system.

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The source of emergency power in many objects is the storage battery. For long-term use of the battery, it must be regularly charged; this can be done using the proposed scheme.

The device operates on a 220V mains voltage. During battery charging, thyristor T1 is open. In this case, the voltage on C1 (R4) is lower than the threshold voltage 12-14V of the Zener diode D7, and the thyristor T2 is closed. When the battery voltage approaches the full charge value, thyristor T2 is turned on, and through the voltage divider R6-R7, a blocking voltage of negative polarity is applied to the gate T1. T1 closes, the battery is discharged and goes into recharge mode with a low current, determined by the value of the resistance of the resistors R1 R2 R3.

The magnitude of the charging current can be monitored with an ammeter. Recharging of the battery starts automatically when its voltage drops enough to close the thyristor T2.

The first time the circuit is turned on, it will need to be configured. This is achieved by changing the resistance R4 to such a value until a current appears in the battery circuit and the thyristor T1 opens.

In the future, the circuit does not need adjustment and works automatically. An ammeter is only needed to control the recharging current at the time of adjustment, after which it can be replaced with a jumper.

Literature - Bastanov V.G. 300 practical tips. Moscow: Publishing House "Moscow Worker", 1982

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