Modern types of communication presentation. Presentation on physics on the topic: "Development of modern means of communication." Features of telephone communication

“The Russian army should be fully equipped with modern digital communications in the next two years” D.A. Medvedev, 05/25/2010.

The head of state set three priority tasks for

Ministry of Defense:

until 2012 to replace in the Armed Forces

outdated analogue communications with digital ones

at command posts and in the field.

stimulate development and production in Russia

the latest telecommunications equipment and

software

development of communication subsystems in the public sphere

security and law enforcement, which could actually reduce the number of crimes.

Glonass

Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) ) - Russian system navigation, developed by order of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. One of two global satellite navigation systems operating today.

GLONASS is designed for operational navigation and time support for an unlimited number of land, sea, air and space-based users. Access to civilian GLONASS signals anywhere in the world, based on the decree of the President of the Russian Federation, is provided to Russian and foreign consumers free of charge and without restrictions.

Second generation GLONASS satellite

The developer and manufacturer of the satellites is JSC ISS named after Academician M. F. Reshetnev, Zheleznogorsk. Krasnoyarsk region.

The GLONASS system determines the location of an object with an accuracy of 4.5 m, but at the beginning of 2012 the accuracy will be increased from 4.5 meters to 2.5-2.8 meters. And after the two signal correction satellites of the Luch system are put into operation, the accuracy of the GLONASS navigation signal will increase to one meter. (Previously, the system determined the location of an object only with an accuracy of 50 m.

Army in 3D

In a training battle, a reconnaissance motorized rifle unit must obtain as much information as possible per unit of time.

You need to take everything into account: the location of the enemy, the features of the terrain, the presence of ditches, hollows, communications. This is not limited to just visual observation. good addition will be aerial reconnaissance conducted by an unmanned aerial vehicle.

All information received about the situation on the battlefield is displayed on a special interactive electronic map.

It allows you to observe the full picture of the battle. One could only dream of such possibilities when using ordinary paper maps. According to Anton Apanasenko, who acts as commander of the reconnaissance battalion, published on the Vesti website, previously a lot of time was spent on constructing various graphs, constructing pictures of the terrain used to determine the visibility zones of objects. When using an electronic card, all this information is updated in a few mouse clicks every second.

Development of the military electronic cards The 38th central aerial phototopographic detachment, located in Noginsk near Moscow, is engaged in this task. A huge number of satellite images are collected here, after which they are linked to the area in a coordinate system. Maps are drawn up based on photographs. Detachment commander Alexey Anisov notes that the unit uses equipment and software only Russian production, directly used in the process of creating topographic maps in in electronic format. IN this moment For this purpose, digital versions of space aerial photographs are used.

Elena Ryabukhina, student of the Sukhoi-Sarmatsk Secondary School

The presentation traces the history of the appearance mobile communications.

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“Communication means” MBOU SUKHO-SARMATSKAYA secondary school

A mobile phone is a telephone device used in mobile communications. To date, development information technologies makes it possible to use mobile phones to transmit, process and store information and they are used as a system that performs the functions of a computer, fax machine, etc. The mobile communications environment is basic system with complexes technical devices, which consists of a group of subscribers and base stations, providing subscribers with the opportunity to exchange information. In mobile communications, all information is transmitted in the form of electromagnetic waves without wires through the air. Mobile phones and mobile communication environment

Mobile communication means Smartphone when transferring from in English means "smart phone". Performs functions similar to pocket computer. iPhone – line of quad-band multimedia smartphones. The iPhone includes, in addition to the basic functions of a computer, the functions of a communicator and Internet tablet. Internet tablets are special mobile device, which is a classic example personal computers. Tablets consist only of a screen, and they have a built-in virtual keyboard and mouse.

MOBILE PHONE. Once upon a time, these devices were installed only on warships and tanks. Today they are used to listen to music, play games, watch videos, and are used instead of a wristwatch, a notebook and a camera. Fate mobile phones surprising - especially considering that it all started with boxes weighing several tens of kilograms. But after many decades of developing a mobile phone, headsets were created car phone from Bell Telephone Company with two-way communication. (1924)

May 6, 1968. Toshiba's new video phone, the 500, is being tested at the company's headquarters in Tokyo. And so on, many different progenitors of the current mobile phones were created, but there is still a long way to go to the current ones... Let's start with the first mobile...

June 13, 1983. Motorola released the first commercial mobile phone, the DynaTAC 8000X. More than 10 years were spent on its development and more than $100 million were allocated. The phone weighed 800 grams, stored 30 telephone numbers, had 1 tune and cost about $4 thousand. Despite this, queues lined up behind him. In 1984, 300 thousand of these “mobile phones” were sold.

1989 Motorola MicroTAC 9800X - the first truly portable phone. Before its release, most cell phones were intended only for installation in cars due to their dimensions, which were not suitable for carrying in a pocket. 1992 Motorola International 3200 is the first palm-sized digital mobile phone.

Nokia 1011 is the first mass-produced GSM phone. It was produced until 1994. 1993 The BellSouth/IBM Simon personal communicator was the first device to combine the functions of a telephone and a PDA.

Nokia 9000 communicator is the first series of smartphones with Intel processor 386. 1998. Nokia 9110i - this phone was a repeat of the Nokia communicator series and weighed significantly less than its predecessor - a smartphone.

Nokia 7110 is the first mobile phone with a WAP browser. Benefon Esc! - the first mobile phone model with built-in GPS system. It was mainly sold in Europe.

Ericsson T68 - the first Ericsson phone with color screen. Sanyo SCP-5300 is the first phone with a built-in camera. Despite the fact that the image turned out Low quality, it was the first of its kind.

2005 year. Sony Ericsson K750 is one of the first phones with a 2 megapixel camera and has become widespread in Russia. O2 XDA Flame is the first PDA phone with a dual-core processor.

June 2007. Available from first iPhone there was a sensor with automatic rotation, a multi-touch technology sensor with the ability to respond to multiple touches, and a touchscreen that replaced the traditional QWERTY keyboard layout. The T-Mobile G1 phone became the first device released with working Android system, developed by Google. It is also known as HTC Dream. In April 2009, a million of these devices were sold.

Almost half a billion smartphones were sold in 2011. In the last quarter of last year, their largest supplier was Apple, which sold 37.0 million devices. Pictured is the iPhone 4, released in June 2010.

Mobile operators Mobile operators are organizations that provide customers with the service of using mobile communications. Operators perform the function of collecting the necessary documents and using radio frequencies, developing their mobile network, conditions for using the proposed mobile communications, accepting payments for services and maintenance.

Mobile communication services Conversation - after dialing a number mobile operator determines the location of the antenna of the calling and called subscribers. After this, the information is transmitted to the switch and subscribers communicate via mobile network. Mobile Internet– technology for using Internet resources using mobile communications. The advantages of this type of communication are that no matter where the subscriber is, he can find necessary information over the network and use Internet services. Mobile mail – the subscriber’s ability to work with personal email by mailbox using mobile communications.

Bluetooth technology wireless connection with a small radius. Facilitates the process of connecting users and connecting to the Internet. SMS (Short Message Service) – service for receiving and transmitting small text messages between subscribers in a mobile communication network. MMS (Multimedia Messaging Service) is a service for exchanging multimedia messages, photos and videos, based on GPRS technology. Exchange of information using mobile communications

In the process of using mobile phones, it is necessary to observe the basic rules of ethics of communication, storage and transfer only useful information By e-mail, safety precautions for working with mobile devices. Be careful not to send indecent information online or over the phone. Culture of use and communication using mobile phones

Stages of development of communications In 1864, the English scientist James Maxwell theoretically predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves. The English scientist James Maxwell theoretically predicted the existence of electromagnetic waves in 1864. Heinrich Hertz discovered it experimentally at the University of Berlin. Heinrich Hertz discovered it experimentally at the University of Berlin. May 7, 1895 A.S. Popov invented radio. May 7, 1895 A.S. Popov invented radio. In 1901, the Italian engineer G. Marconi made the first radio communication across the Atlantic Ocean. In 1901, the Italian engineer G. Marconi made the first radio communication across the Atlantic Ocean. B.L. Rosing May 9, 1911 electronic television. B.L. Rosing May 9, 1911 electronic television. 30 years V.K. Zvorykin invented the first transmitting tube - an iconoscope. 30 years V.K. Zvorykin invented the first transmitting tube - an iconoscope.

Communication is the most important link in the country's economic system, a way of communication between people, satisfying their production, spiritual, cultural and social needs.

The main directions of development of communications Radio communications Radio communications Telephone communications Telephone communications Television communications Television communications Cellular communications Cellular communications Internet Internet Space communications Space communications Phototelegraph (Fax) Phototelegraph (Fax) Videotelephone communications Videotelephone communications Telegraph communications Telegraph communications

Space communications SPACE COMMUNICATIONS, radio communications or optical (laser) communications carried out between ground-based receiving and transmitting stations and spacecraft, between several ground stations, mainly through communication satellites or passive repeaters (for example, a belt of needles), between several spacecraft. SPACE COMMUNICATIONS, radio communications or optical (laser) communications carried out between ground-based receiving and transmitting stations and spacecraft, between several ground stations, mainly through communication satellites or passive repeaters (for example, a belt of needles), between several spacecraft.

Phototelegraph Phototelegraph, a generally accepted abbreviated name for fax communication (phototelegraph communication). A type of communication for transmitting and receiving images printed on paper (manuscripts, tables, drawings, drawings, etc.). A type of communication for transmitting and receiving images printed on paper (manuscripts, tables, drawings, drawings, etc.). A device that performs such communication. A device that performs such communication.

The first phototelegraph At the beginning of the century, the German physicist Korn created a phototelegraph, which is no fundamentally different from modern drum scanners. (The figure on the right shows a diagram of the Korn telegraph and a portrait of the inventor, scanned and transmitted over a distance of more than 1000 km on November 6, 1906). At the beginning of the century, the German physicist Korn created a phototelegraph, which is not fundamentally different from modern drum scanners. (The figure on the right shows a diagram of the Korn telegraph and a portrait of the inventor, scanned and transmitted over a distance of more than 1000 km on November 6, 1906).

Shelford Bidwell, a British physicist, invented the "scanning phototelegraph". The system used selenium material and electrical signals to transmit images (diagrams, maps and photographs). Shelford Bidwell, a British physicist, invented the "scanning phototelegraph". The system used selenium material and electrical signals to transmit images (diagrams, maps and photographs).

Videotelephony Personal videotelephony on UMTS equipment Personal videotelephony on UMTS equipment Latest models telephones have an attractive design, a wide selection of accessories, wide functionality, support Bluetooth and wideband-ready audio technologies, as well as XML integration with any corporate applications The latest models of telephones have an attractive design, a wide selection of accessories, wide functionality, support Bluetooth technologies and wideband-ready audio, as well as XML integration with any enterprise applications

Types of signal transmission line Two-wire line Two-wire line Electrical cable Electrical cable Metric waveguide Metric waveguide Dielectric waveguide Dielectric waveguide Radio relay line Radio relay line Beam line Beam line Fiber optic line Fiber optic line Laser communication Laser communication

Fiber-optic communication lines Fiber-optic communication lines (FOCL) are currently considered the most advanced physical medium for transmitting information. Data transmission in optical fiber is based on the effect of total internal reflection. Thus, the optical signal transmitted by the laser on one side is received on the other, much distant side. Today, a huge number of backbone fiber optic rings, intracity and even intraoffice, have been built and are being built. And this number will constantly grow. Fiber-optic communication lines (FOCL) are currently considered the most advanced physical medium for transmitting information. Data transmission in optical fiber is based on the effect of total internal reflection. Thus, the optical signal transmitted by the laser on one side is received on the other, much distant side. Today, a huge number of backbone fiber optic rings, intracity and even intraoffice, have been built and are being built. And this number will constantly grow.

Fiber-optic communication lines (FOCL) have a number of significant advantages compared to communication lines based on metal cables. These include: large throughput, low attenuation, small weight and dimensions, high noise immunity, reliable safety equipment, virtually no mutual influences, low cost due to the absence of non-ferrous metals in the design. FOCLs use electromagnetic waves in the optical range. Recall that visible optical radiation lies in the nm wavelength range. Practical use in the fiber-optic communication line received the infrared range, i.e. radiation with a wavelength greater than 760 nm. The principle of propagation of optical radiation along an optical fiber (OF) is based on reflection from the boundary of media with different refractive indices (Fig. 5.7). Optical fiber is made of quartz glass in the form of cylinders with aligned axes and different refractive indices. The inner cylinder is called the OB core, and the outer layer is called the OB shell.

Laser communication system A rather interesting solution for high-quality and fast network communication was developed by the German company Laser2000. The two presented models look like the most ordinary video cameras and are designed for communication between offices, within offices and along corridors. Simply put, instead of laying an optical cable, you just need to install the inventions from Laser2000. However, in fact, these are not video cameras, but two transmitters that communicate with each other via laser radiation. Let us recall that a laser, unlike ordinary light, for example, lamp light, is characterized by monochromaticity and coherence, that is, laser beams always have the same wavelength and are slightly scattered. A rather interesting solution for high-quality and fast network communication was developed by the German company Laser2000. The two presented models look like the most ordinary video cameras and are designed for communication between offices, within offices and along corridors. Simply put, instead of laying an optical cable, you just need to install the inventions from Laser2000. However, in fact, these are not video cameras, but two transmitters that communicate with each other via laser radiation. Let us recall that a laser, unlike ordinary light, for example, lamp light, is characterized by monochromaticity and coherence, that is, laser beams always have the same wavelength and are slightly scattered.

For the first time, laser communication has been carried out between a satellite and an aircraft, Mon, 00:28, Moscow time The French company Astrium has demonstrated for the first time in the world successful communication via a laser beam between a satellite and an aircraft. The French company Astrium demonstrated for the first time in the world successful communication via a laser beam between a satellite and an aircraft. During tests of the laser communication system, which took place in early December 2006, communication at a distance of almost 40 thousand km was carried out twice - once the Mystere 20 aircraft was at an altitude of 6 thousand m, another time the flight altitude was 10 thousand m. The speed of the aircraft was about 500 km/h, the data transmission speed via a laser beam was 50 Mb/s. The data was transmitted to the Artemis geostationary telecommunications satellite. During tests of the laser communication system, which took place in early December 2006, communication at a distance of almost 40 thousand km was carried out twice - once the Mystere 20 aircraft was at an altitude of 6 thousand m, another time the flight altitude was 10 thousand m. The speed of the aircraft was about 500 km/h, the data transmission speed via a laser beam was 50 Mb/s. The data was transmitted to the Artemis geostationary telecommunications satellite. The Lola aircraft laser system (Liaison Optique Laser Aeroportee) was used in the tests, and the Silex laser system received data on the Artemis satellite. Both systems were developed by Astrium Corporation. The Lola system, says Optics, uses a Lumics laser with a wavelength of 0.8 microns and a laser signal power of 300 mW. Avalanche photodiodes are used as photodetectors. The Lola aircraft laser system (Liaison Optique Laser Aeroportee) was used in the tests, and the Silex laser system received data on the Artemis satellite. Both systems were developed by Astrium Corporation. The Lola system, says Optics, uses a Lumics laser with a wavelength of 0.8 microns and a laser signal power of 300 mW. Avalanche photodiodes are used as photodetectors.

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What is communication and means of communication? Communication is the most important link in the country’s economic system, a way of communicating between people, satisfying their production, spiritual, cultural and social needs. Communication means - technical and software devices used for generating, receiving, processing, storing, transmitting, delivering telecommunication messages or postal items, as well as other technical and software, used in the provision of communication services or ensuring the functioning of communication networks.

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Types of communication. Wireless Wireless connection is the transmission of information over a distance without the use of electrical conductors or “wires.” Wired Wired communication is communication in which messages are transmitted over wires using electrical signals; type of telecommunication

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Main directions of development of communications. Radio communications Telephone communications Television communications Cellular communications Internet Space communications Phototelegraph (Fax) Videotelephone communications Telegraph communications

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Stages of development of communications. Creation of an optical telegraph. Optical telegraph is a device for transmitting information over long distances using light signals. Invented by the Frenchman Claude Chappe.

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The first electric telegraph was created in 1837 by English inventors William Cook and Charles Whitson.

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Morse code. Samuel Finley Breeze Morse is an American inventor and artist. The most famous inventions are the electromagnetic writing telegraph and Morse code. He developed dots and dashes for each letter.

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Invention of radio. Scheme and appearance radio receiver A.S. Popov, made by himself. The relay was triggered, the bell was turned on, and the coherer received a “light shake,” the adhesion between the metal filings weakened, and they were ready to receive the next signal. At first, radio communication was established at a distance of 250 m. Working tirelessly on his invention , Popov soon achieved a communication range of more than 600 m. Then, at the maneuvers of the Black Sea Fleet in 1899. the scientist established radio communication at a distance of over 20 km, and in 1901. The radio communication range was already 150 km. The new transmitter design played an important role in this.

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Satellite connection. Satellites are unmanned spacecraft flying in orbit around the Earth. They can transmit telephone conversations And television signals anywhere in the world. They also transmit weather and navigation information. In 1957, Sputnik 1 was launched in the USSR - the first in the world. artificial satellite Earth.

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Laser communication system. A rather interesting solution for high-quality and fast network communication was developed by the German company Laser2000. The two presented models look like the most ordinary video cameras and are designed for communication between offices, within offices and along corridors. Simply put, instead of laying an optical cable, you just need to install the inventions from Laser2000. However, in fact, these are not video cameras, but two transmitters that communicate with each other via laser radiation. Let us recall that a laser, unlike ordinary light, for example, lamp light, is characterized by monochromaticity and coherence, that is, laser beams always have the same wavelength and are slightly scattered.

Introduction The world is such that any technical invention of the human mind, which expands our capabilities and creates additional comfort for us, inevitably contains negative aspects that can pose a potential danger to the user. Modern means of personal communication are no exception in this regard. Yes, they have disproportionately expanded our freedom by “untying” us from the telephone on our desk and giving us the opportunity to contact the necessary correspondent at any time and anywhere.

Telephone Mobile phones cellular communications in fact, they are a complex miniature transceiver radio station. Each cellular telephone is assigned its own electronic serial number(ESN), which is encoded in the phone’s microchip during its manufacture and is communicated by the equipment manufacturers to the specialists who service it.

Mobile cellular telephone has a large and sometimes unlimited range, which is ensured by the cellular structure of communication zones. The entire territory served cellular system communication, is divided into separate adjacent communication zones or hundredths. Telephone exchange in each such zone is controlled base station, capable of receiving and transmitting signals on a large number of radio frequencies. A mobile cell phone has a long and sometimes unlimited range, which is provided by the cellular structure of communication zones. The entire territory served by the cellular communication system is divided into separate adjacent communication zones or hundredths. Telephone traffic in each such zone is controlled by a base station capable of receiving and transmitting signals on a large number of radio frequencies.

Pagers Pagers are mobile radios with a device for recording messages in alphabetic, digital or mixed representation, operating mainly in the range of 100-400 MHz. The paging system receives a message from a telephone subscriber, encodes it in required format and transmits to the pager of the called subscriber.

Fixed wireless radiotelephone A fixed wireless radiotelephone combines a regular wired telephone, represented by the device itself, connected to the telephone network, and a transceiver radio device in the form of a handset that provides two-way exchange of signals with the base device. Depending on the type of radiotelephone, the communication range between the handset and the device, taking into account the presence of interference and reflective surfaces, averages up to 50 meters.

Radio and television stations Widespread sources of electromagnetic fields (EMF) in populated areas are currently radio engineering transmitting centers (RTCs), emitting ultrashort waves of very high (VHF) and ultra-high (UHF) ranges into the environment.

TV station Television transmitters. Television transmitters are usually located in cities. Transmitting antennas are usually located at altitudes above 110 m. From the point of view of assessing the impact on health, field levels at distances from several tens of meters to several kilometers are of interest. Typical electric field strengths can reach 15 V/m at a distance of 1 km from a 1 MW transmitter.

Conclusion Electromagnetic radiation is impossible to see, and not everyone can imagine it, and therefore a normal person is almost not afraid of it. Meanwhile, if we sum up the influence of electromagnetic radiation from all devices on the planet, then the level of the Earth’s natural geomagnetic field will be exceeded millions of times. The scale of electromagnetic pollution of the human environment has become so significant that the World Health Organization has included this problem among the most pressing for humanity, and many scientists classify it as a powerful environmental factor with catastrophic consequences for all living things.