Basic concepts: information, globalization, virtuality, mass media, rhizome, heterogeneity, Information society, discourse, language power, communication, individuality, stratification.

1. The position of a person in modern society.

2. Prospects for the development of the information society.

3. Communicative theory of discourse by J. Habermas.

1. A well-known researcher of the problems of the information society, Professor V. Nikolaenko, identified the following assumptions characterizing the position of a modern person in the information society:

· People are interested in information. They are willing to spend time and money to obtain information on a wide variety of issues. It is essential for them, without information in the modern world it is impossible to live and work.

· People are ready to make their conclusions on various issues on the basis of independently collected and analyzed information. The basis of independent informational activity is the attitude towards obtaining the truth about a certain event and the attitude towards rational behavior in general.

· Information is perceived by all people equally. The difference is associated not so much with cultures as with the people themselves (their education and other individual differences). If this is not the case in this moment, then inevitably, in the long term, everything will be exactly like that.

Thinking about these assumptions, one should recognize the fact that a modern person finds himself in the space of digital technologies, therefore, information turns out to be the key concept for defining a person. Information is understood here not only as awareness or competence on a particular issue, but, first of all, as an opportunity for stratification of society and determining the position in it for a person. The one who owns information, he owns the world, this situation becomes a reality for a modern person.

However, the paradox of the current state of affairs is the fact that information lives by the simulation of knowledge. And here it does not matter whether this information is true or not, only the speed of its presentation and the continuity of transmission are important. The mode of relevance forces us to bring what is happening as close as possible to information about what is happening. But, as modern analysts diagnose, at some stage the gap between the event and the description of the event becomes indistinguishable. “Reality dissolves into hyperreality” - this common formula also speaks of the fact that there is a total fusion of the body of the generating, transmitting and receiving information. A person becomes isolated in the world of secondary images, and any attempt to search for a referent directly or indirectly refers to mass media reality. One impersonal body is born, which is quickly disassembled and collected at information points.

In fact, it describes a very important process of changing the concept of human corporeality as such. In the modern information society, a person becomes nothing more than a translator and retransmitter of certain information flows, regardless of the content side of these flows. The question of the identity, self-consciousness or spiritual world of this "person" is relegated to the background. His ability to consume existing information streams comes to the fore, transforming them into streams of desire and thereby turning into a kind of "body without organs" (the term of J. Deleuze and F. Guattari), coexisting with other similar bodies in the space of modern information technologies.

The information age, according to the popular futurist D. Bell, is based not on mechanical technology, but on "intellectual technology", which allows us to talk about a new principle of social organization and the characteristics of social change. Information needs a consistent chain to ensure accurate transmission and storage through an intermediary. The signs of the information age, according to Bell, are manifested today in the following: 1) the electronic revolution (which is now in transition to a digital super-revolution); 2) medial communication (a person is becoming more and more mediated by various means of mass communication); 3) global connectivity (which manifests itself through the unprecedented development of information technology and the ability to access global information networks). More than any other development of these three marks the transition to the information age, with a new position and order of knowledge, as well as organizational forms for closely related information and communication.

A segmented, but at the same time tightly woven information network forms a “rhizomatic” user similar to itself: informational mobile, effortlessly grasping and distracting from itself fragments of information, as well as communicative with everyone. The "blockiness" of information, respectively, breaks a person's life into mechanically disassembled fragments, in a random set of which it is difficult to restore logical or emotional connections, surprisingly reminiscent of the Chinese encyclopedia of H.L. Borges. The ability to compose new combinations of signs, letters and words creates an information world that captivates with accessibility, in which “knowledge is what questions are asked about in television games” (J.-F. Lyotard).

2. In modern studies of the processes of formation of the information society, as a rule, the following characteristics are distinguished that describe the role and function of information in modern society:

· Availability of rare and special, that is, the respecification of expert knowledge, its removal from the space of professional functioning into the area accessible to all users without exception.

· The speed and efficiency of work with information, which consists in the almost instantaneous appearance of the latter on the Internet (for example, the war in Iraq, the events in the former Yugoslavia) and the possibility of almost instant user access to it.

· The ultimate plurality (heterogeneity) of existing positions, the coexistence of both official and many unofficial points of view on current events (such plurality is especially productive when covering socially ambiguous events).

It is believed that the key moment in the formation of the modern "information picture of the world" is education such as the Internet. This information network not only opened up new opportunities for human realization, but also predetermined the paths of human development as a species. In this regard, the problem of globalization acquires a new meaning. On the one hand, the Internet is a kind of manifestation of globalization processes, since it covers the whole world in a single information system. On the other hand, the Internet can be viewed as a challenge to world globalism, since it is not a state structure and is not subject to any public or political organization or association. The Internet turns out to be that space of information interaction for a modern person, which allows him to most accurately capture his desires and embody them at all levels of social organization.

It is difficult to overestimate the importance of the Internet in the process of organizing social structures. The possibility of disseminating information on the Internet leads not so much to the erosion of the existing divisions of humanity and the formation of new groups, for example, new, information-aware elites and ignorant outsiders, as to its consolidation. The most significant result of the manifestation of the Internet was the emergence of a new specialization among professional workers with information (several dozen professions have appeared that are directly related to the network and do not go beyond it). But this did not lead to a fundamental change in the attitude to information on the part of mass consumers. Active participation in information activities most often leads to the consolidation of existing social and professional groups of society, rather than their destruction and the formation of new groups according to the criterion of participation in information, but the opposite happened. The system of social inequality modern society received another criterion for its own implementation - the availability and possession of information, familiarity with the structures that produce it (in particular, the Internet). The subjects of modern society continue to differ from each other in their involvement in the process of active production of information, the success of their actions directly depends on what place they occupy on the "information map" of the modern world.

The most important factor in limiting the assimilation of Internet information and its targeted filtering is the presence of group social interests. Modern sociologists diagnose the emergence of a new social community (more precisely, even communities) directly related to the Internet and emerging solely due to its structures. However, as the history of culture shows, individuality is not something given, originally inherent in man and restrained by the external repressive structures of society or culture. The development of social structures and the processes of differentiation in modern society incline us to understand individuality in two ways. On the one hand, individuality can be viewed as a kind of "super-systemic" quality of the subject, which can be a criterion for uniting people into groups or for creating social institutions (even within the framework of a certain information system Internet type). On the other hand, individuality can be understood as a "field of communication", interaction and coordination of various interests, values, norms and rules. And in this regard, it is the need of people for communication ("information hunger", if you will) leads to the emergence of new information structures and the emergence of new channels of information exchange.

Thus, the problem of a person in the information society is the most relevant for study, and it is no coincidence that many modern studies are devoted to it. The complexity and ambiguity of this problem is associated, first of all, with the complexity and ambiguity of a person's position in the complex structure of modern society. A person finds himself in the space of intersection of many "lines of force", "fields of influence" (the terminology of P. Bourdieu), some of which are not visible to the naked eye as some objectively existing regularity, since they are purely virtual (informational) in nature. One of such system-forming factors in modern society is the Internet, which not only satisfies the "information hunger" of the individual, but also serves as a criterion for social stratification.

3. The communicative theory of discourse in general view developed by the prominent German philosopher and sociologist Jurgen Habermas. He defines discourse as a form of reflexive "learning", during which theoretical and practical claims of an individual are thematized and problematized, accepted or rejected by other individuals on the basis of the existing system argumentation. Discourse is characterized, first of all, by the presence of doubt and critical discussion of legitimized norms, knowledge and values, that is, various kinds of universals and often implicit assumptions on which a living, active consciousness is based. The discursiveness of a modern person is manifested in many different practices that he reproduces in his daily life. Some of these practices are expressions of his subjectivity, others serve to maintain the integrity of the social system.

Exploring the objective logic of the development of society, Habermas believes that the lack of social control over it will inevitably lead to a complete disintegration of people's spiritual ties, and sees a way out of this situation in the creation of new forms of unity. The challenge, however, is to build these “forms of unity” into already functioning institutions that ensure social identity and a consensus of collective beliefs. To solve this problem, Habermas introduces the concept of "collective communication". Putting public communication as a form of spiritual unification of people, Habermas opposes it to forms of "illusory unity" such as ideology or mythology. Critical reflection and theoretical reconstruction included in communication are designed to protect it from distortions caused by institutions of power and coercion.

A person can be free, and truly realize his true purpose only in communication, free from the distorting influences of power and society. The paradox of this situation is the fact that a person cannot completely free himself from the influence of society (regardless of the degree of his negativity or positivity), therefore he must cultivate such forms of "collective communication" that will allow him to realize his own subjectivity without prejudice to the realization of other people. At the same time, one should take into account both the multitude of conflicting social and individual interests, and the initial “war of languages” or discourses trying to justify their own exclusivity and power over the individual.

Developing the ideas of Habermas, we can say that the thesis about the "war of languages" in modern society is not without grounds, because society has moved to such a stage of development when the formation of, for example, political institutions increasingly depends not on directly forceful forms of political struggle, but on critical discussions and development of public opinion on a particular issue. The change in the institutions of total ideology by the institution of public opinion leads to the need to develop more subtle means of management, control and manipulation of public consciousness. However, this does not mean at all that the “discourse of power” is automatically replaced by “communicative discourse”. This process involves very deep and ambiguous social forces, the implementation of which depends on many factors. One thing is for sure, all these social processes are directly related to the "power of language", which manifests itself in the fact that politics becomes reasoning, discussion, communication. It is characteristic that it also acts Feedback: any reasoning, discussion, communication when entering the public sphere becomes a "political issue". All public discourses are in one way or another affected, or, as the French philosophers say, biased by the authorities. Power permeates all spheres of an individual's life, without exception, and not least of all is the power of language, which captures all new spaces in the modern information society.

In conclusion, we can say that a strange contradiction has developed: humanitarian knowledge, which considers the "life world" of an individual as its basis, loses its previous leading role in the formation of a person, and science, seemingly removed from the solution of life-meaning problems, plunged into the universe of mathematical abstract models , affects life on an immeasurably larger scale than before. At one time, realizing the difference between the world of science and the world of life, representatives of classical philosophy put forward the concept of "duality of truth", guaranteeing the peaceful coexistence of knowledge and faith, science and value consciousness. However, in the context of the confrontation of spiritual and technical cultures that can be observed in modern society, “demarcation tactics” or simple delimitation of spheres of influence are not enough. It is necessary to look for communicative mechanisms for the implementation of their coexistence and interaction. Only thanks to an open dialogue can both the difference and the unity of humanitarian and natural science knowledge in the question of a person, in determining his position in the modern world, be realized in a new way.

Thus, the individuality of an individual should not only be recognized by the public as an unconditional value, but also should be formed as one of the sides of its development. Even revelations, confessions, and public confessions of individuals (as certain "speech strategies" of the discursive realization of a personality) presuppose recognition from others and are written with this recognition in mind. On the other hand, these forms of individuality realization themselves are being improved as the social structure evolves and are formed within the framework of communication institutions. The internal connection of a person and society consists in the fact that it produces both individuality itself and intersubjective rules and norms of communication in society. And when analyzing the indicated processes, the complexity and ambiguity of the ongoing changes should be taken into account in the most serious way, and the changes in speech strategies and discursive practices of modern society should be closely monitored.

Questions for self-control

1. What is discourse from the point of view of J. Habermas?

2. How is the “power of language” manifested in modern society?

3. What is the essence of the communicative theory of discourse?

4. What are the main features of the modern information society?

5. What is globalization?

7. What is the specificity of the information environment of modern man?

Angelica Kukharenko

With the advent and rapid development of information and telecommunication technologies, with the growing popularity and spread of the Internet, information has organically entered all spheres of life in modern society. It has turned into a daily life resource of every person and, undoubtedly, has become an integral part and inevitable factor in the development of human civilization.

Social communications are the basis for the formation of a new social reality that mediates the life of society, creating conditions that provide instant access to the information-cognitive resource base of knowledge and the use of this knowledge in accordance with emerging needs. V virtual space communication takes on the character of audiovisual actions of people, regardless of their location. In society, this extends to the sphere of achieving agreement of the world perception, the perception of the surrounding world and, ultimately, to the formation of a unified attitude. Communication is carried out in all forms of social consciousness: science, art, religion, politics and law. But it becomes a cultural phenomenon only to the extent that its content expresses and reproduces the humanistic ability of a person to own the knowledge and sources he has achieved.

Interaction via the Internet today is one of the most widespread and massive forms of communication between subjects of screen culture. The modern user is attracted by interactivity, personal approach, instantaneousness, measurability (you can quickly assess the popularity of a particular publication), flexibility, interconnection (presence of hyperlinks). That is why the Internet media in a more convex form manifest such functions as communicative, socio-organizational, as well as the functions of a forum and social participation. As a result, the feedback from the audience is widened and facilitated. Users have more rights to control content, up to participation in the process of creating it.

The media create an artificial communication environment in which information is disseminated in print or audiovisual form, interacts with the specific socio-cultural environment of a country or region, forming their constructive or destructive image in public consciousness. This image is replicated by the media both inside and outside the state, creating an aura of benevolent or ill-will towards him. From what has been said, it is clear that with the help of the media, stable public opinion and public sentiments are quickly formed, and if necessary, the established ones break down and new stereotypes or standards of behavior are created. Since the media create and broadcast images that influence attitudes and behavior of people, it is very important to carefully prepare the information and communication space for presentation and positioning, especially when it comes to the problems of humanistic upbringing and education. Humanistic education has as its goal the harmonious development of the individual and presupposes the humane nature of relations between the participants in the information and communication process. It can act in the form of broad social programs aimed at the benefit of a person. The problem is to correctly use the possibilities of modern means of communication, to protect oneself from the harmful effects of television and the Internet, to have critical thinking in relation to the mass media.

people's activities depend on their value choices and ethical and cultural identity, humanity remains civilizationally split. Therefore, attention to the inner essence and quality of communication, determined by humanistic criteria, is especially relevant for modern society. The purpose of this article is to outline general trends in the formation of humanistic values ​​in the information and communication space, their essential influence on the axiosphere of society, social and personal development.

To achieve this goal, the most important tasks are:

Revealing, structuring and classification of humanistic values ​​that are at the center of scientific discussions;

Determination of the possibility of their broadcast and presentation in the information and communication space.

Any society reproduces itself through the mechanisms of social interaction in the historical process. With the help of communication processes, society creates an information and communication space that is adequate to its culture, united by uniform forms of communicative activity. Information processes here are the mechanisms of self-organization of such a space.

since modern information processes imply two-way communication, in which both the generator and the recipient of information have active roles that form this communication.

the personality of a person, his moral, humanistic and cultural values. It is generally accepted that information age brings with it a new lifestyle, a new culture, spreading it to the most distant parts of the globe. International business communications serve the purposes of integrating individual business interests, contributing to the formation of institutions of business, science, education, politics and the convergence of cultures. On the other hand, information technology and purposefully organized information affect people's beliefs, opinions and social moods. This can lead to negative processes - the creation of a simplified picture of the world and the formation of "imaginary worlds", the behavior in which can be unpredictable. At the same time, the process of informatization itself does not guarantee that communication channels will not be filled with dangerous, aggressive, extremist, corrupting information.

the norm also includes mass illiteracy (spelling and stylistic errors), simplifications, slang, and the use of obscene expressions. The general level of culture suffers, especially among adolescents and young people. The result is a reduction in vocabulary, the inability to accurately formulate thoughts, lack of personal opinion, civic position. Based on the above problem, the information society is increasingly moving away from the social channel of human existence. The social space today is torn (not united), antisocial and inhuman, which characterizes it as deformed, closed and detrimental to humans.

spaces in order to form value social orientations and positive behavioral reactions of citizens. This would stimulate people to comprehend, analyze the events taking place in society, develop an active life position, realize the fate of an individual in solving the eternal and always topical issue of the meaning of life, orient young people towards intellectual and humanistic values, and form a healthy lifestyle. Compliance with the rules of information hygiene will lead to a consciously chosen information lifestyle. In light of this, there should be a change in the behavior and value orientations of the individual, since "the information society is, first of all, not computers, but people enriched with information knowledge, consciously changing their way of life with the help of computers and other information technology." Therefore, it is necessary that the information system of the new society would provide a qualitatively new social space, which will be determined by the value, intellectual and personal information resources of each member of society. This will optimize the relationship between man and society, ensure the harmonization of social and technical space, create conditions for breaking stereotypes, and ensure the formation of humanistic life values ​​and priorities.

elevation of needs, program, determine the semantic foundations of human life. The structure of humanistic values ​​is a set of content components that are positive values ​​in relation to oneself, in interpersonal interaction and in relation to the objective world. I would like to note that the problems of value norms of humanistic regulation of human activity are addressed in the studies of V.S.Barulin, O. G. Drobnitsky, P.P. Gaidenko, P.K. Grechko. The hierarchy of values ​​is considered in the works of R. G. Apresyan, A. A. Huseynov about morality as an absolute value, which sets the starting point in the world of values ​​and the world of values ​​itself that is being established. This structure was analyzed by A. I. Kravchenko, M. L. Lezgina, J. Hull as a methodological base in order to identify the essence and structure of the phenomenon of "humanistic values". However, the problem of the formation of humanistic values ​​and their classification has not yet been sufficiently developed, especially in the modern culture of social communications.

Scientists argue about what is truly valuable. Objectively valuable are: Freedom, Justice, Solidarity, Reformation; Humanism, Goodness, Happiness; Personality, People, Nation; Science, Art, Literature; Family and Health; Culture. In general, “the system of values ​​is determined by the ethnic, ideological, religious priorities and preferences prevailing in a given ethnos; it is passed down from generation to generation through family education and schooling, literature and art, and the media. The system of values ​​determines the attitude of people in the family, everyday life, at work, in the socio-political sphere of activity, in the field of scientific and technical creativity, as well as interaction between ethnic groups, nations, states, civilizations. " However, the most fundamental "universal human values" are higher than any perceived or declared interests of not only individuals, but also those or other social groups, ethnic groups or states. General human values ​​(since they are associated with the spiritual sources that gave rise to them) cannot always be expressed rationally. They can be compared with the Moral Law, the Truth. But one can comprehend the truth or observe the Moral Law in different ways.

The system of universal values, as the core and quintessence of culture, "cements" and guarantees the unity of mankind. Thanks to universal human values, culture is a dialogical phenomenon; culture is a dialogue with the past, with other eras, with other people. Humanistic values ​​constitute the totality of universal human moral qualities that form the life-meaning nucleus of the personality, which determines its attitude towards the world and other people.

That is, the problem is not in the choice of universal (or their derivative - humanistic) values, but in their priority, in how adequately they are transmitted in the information and communication space. D. V. Khovald draws attention to the fact that the mass media allows you to see how the transmission of values ​​and the positioning of interests is carried out in society. The method of coordinating value systems is the social mechanisms of the main spheres of society described by Y. Habermas: aesthetic, ethical, and religious. Optimization of the activities of communication structures and the media, as the most massive agents of the communication space, and their significant influence on the value component, can lead to the formation of value dominants in the mass consciousness. They are designed to meet the following humanistic goals and objectives and are of global importance for the life of all mankind:

Philosophical and worldview orientation of the individual in understanding the meaning of life, his place in the world, his uniqueness and value;

In the development of physical, spiritual inclinations and abilities, creative potential, as well as an awareness of responsibility for life creation;

The introduction of the individual to the system of cultural values, reflecting the wealth of universal and national culture and the development of his own attitude towards them;

Disclosure of universal norms of humanistic morality, their range and specific content (kindness, understanding, mercy, sympathy, etc.) and the cultivation of intelligence as a significant personal parameter;

In the development of intellectual and moral freedom of the individual, the ability to adequate self-assessments and assessments, self-regulation of behavior and activities, worldview reflection;

to preserve and develop the prestige, glory and wealth of the fatherland;

Development of ideas about a healthy lifestyle, the formation of concepts about life plans and prolonged aspirations for the realization of personal and social prospects.

One of effective ways the formation of humanistic value orientations of the young generation is the study of media culture in the process of media education and upbringing. Media culture is seen not only as a set of methods for processing information using a computer. It contains components associated with the culture of cognition, translation and formation of a system of values, spirituality, self-development of an individual, acts as an effective factor in a person's assimilation of cultural reality, while presenting this very reality as a value that has arisen as a result of culturally creative activity. The basic category of media culture is media text as the basis for the formation of a system of humanistic values, which includes the following aspects:

General human concepts (health, life, family, education, justice, equality, loyalty, hard work, etc.);

Personal values ​​(native language and culture, love for a small homeland, attachment to one's team, belief in personal success, enterprise, freedom to choose a way of life, place of residence);

Collectivist ideas about solidarity, mutual assistance, internationalism, etc.

In the light of the humanistic worldview, the main sign of a value is the presence in it of qualities, properties beneficial to a person, the ability to use this value for the benefit of a person, or its ability to connect with the positive qualities of an individual. To do this, a person, like humanity as a whole, needs to reconsider his attitude to the outside world, bring as much good as possible into it, abandon a purely utilitarian, practical attitude towards others, breathe new life into fairly forgotten moral imperatives. Human life, individuality, its originality and uniqueness, creative potential have never been so highly valued as at the present time. And the ability of everyone to be included in a common friendly joint work, to reckon with the opinion and will of others, to establish harmonious, fruitful cooperation. Sincerity, honesty and decency; respect for human dignity, collectivism and friendship; solidarity, exultation and concern for happiness are becoming historically more valuable and demanded carriers and forms of humanism today.

Such an information and communication space should stimulate people to comprehend, analyze the events taking place in society, develop an active life position, encourage them to build their lives taking into account the interests of society, have the opportunities and conditions to fill the inner world of each person with valuable humanistic content.

subjects of a single communication space, constitute the primary need for the perceptual level in the SC channels. This is necessary for the further transmission of humanistic values ​​in the channels of the middle class, their use in education, upbringing, and social management.

Solving the problems considered in the article will not only ensure the development of the information and communication space, overcoming negative social and information phenomena that affect the safety of human consciousness, its development, and the survival of society as a whole, but also create a foundation for its modeling. In terms of conveying the meaning of humanistic values ​​and value dominants, the forms of their transmission in the information and communication space, it is proposed to increase attention to the formation of the general media culture of the population, control media texts, especially those intended for the younger generation.

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Understanding of information and communication security as a state of protection of individual consciousness from the impact of information factors that cause dysfunctional, psycho-emotional and social processes in the conditions of intercultural and intracultural interaction, led to the need to rethink approaches to the role of communication, communication, information interaction, as well as a number of other socially -psychological processes and phenomena in modern society.

Social communications are the basis for the formation of a new social reality that mediates the life of society, creating conditions that provide instant access to the information-cognitive resource base of knowledge and the use of this knowledge in accordance with emerging needs. In the virtual space, communication takes on the character of audiovisual actions of people, regardless of their location. In society, this extends to the sphere of achieving agreement of the world perception, the perception of the surrounding world and, ultimately, to the formation of a unified attitude. Communication is carried out in all forms of social consciousness: science, art, religion, politics and law. But it becomes a cultural phenomenon only to the extent that its content expresses and reproduces the humanistic ability of a person to own the knowledge and sources he has achieved.

The current situation in the information and communication space demonstrates the intensive development of a very dangerous trend - an increase in the volume of communicative contacts, which negatively affect the formation of a person's personality, his moral, humanistic and cultural values. It is generally recognized that the information age brings with it a new lifestyle, a new culture, spreading it to the most distant parts of the globe. International business communications serve the purposes of integrating individual business interests, contributing to the formation of institutions of business, science, education, politics and the convergence of cultures. On the other hand, information technology and purposefully organized information affect people's beliefs, opinions and social moods. This can lead to negative processes - the creation of a simplified picture of the world and the formation of "imaginary worlds", the behavior in which can be unpredictable. At the same time, the process of informatization itself does not guarantee that communication channels will not be filled with dangerous, aggressive, extremist, corrupting information.

The problem of the cognizability of the world in philosophy and science. variety of types of cognitive activity.

The very problem "Is the world cognizable, and if cognizable, then by how much?" grew not out of idle curiosity, but out of real difficulties of cognition. the area of ​​external manifestation of the essence of things is reflected by the sense organs, but the reliability of their information in many cases is doubtful or generally incorrect. One of the trends in epistemology is agnosticism. its specificity lies in the advancement and substantiation of the position that the essence of objects (material and spiritual) is unknowable. Initially, this position, when philosophical knowledge had not yet finally broken with the concept of gods, concerned the gods, and then natural things. The ancient Greek philosopher Protagoras (c. 490-420 BC) doubted the existence of gods. In relation to natural phenomena, he substantiated the view, according to which "as it seems, so it is." different people are characterized by different understanding and different assessments of phenomena, therefore "man is the measure of all things." cognition is the process of transition from ignorance to knowledge. begins with sensory (sensation, perception, representation), then logical (concept, judgment, inference). Judgments are of a general form and are independent of language. inferences lead to the acquisition of new knowledge. during induction, a check is required, since it is not complete. deduction requires verification of the original postulate. Scientific knowledge is formed on the basis of the ordinary. There is also a philosophical, artistic knowledge.

Man is the main problem of philosophy.

Philosophy considers a person as a complex set of multidimensional universal characteristics. Philosophy concerns everything that can be associated with a person. When a person thinks and creates objects of the information world, then sooner or later there is a need to comprehend this phenomenon of a kind of human change of nature and himself. It was then that philosophy penetrates into the sphere of human information activity, poses various questions to him, including the expediency of such an activity.

Philosophical analysis of the processes of development of the information society involves the study and solution of a number of problems associated with the need to study a person to new information conditions. Among the problems of such a plan, in my opinion, first of all, one can single out structural and functional changes in the communicative space of modern civilization as a system and their influence on value orientations, motivations of human behavior and lifestyle in the context of modern sociocultural processes, as well as the search for new communicative forms of human adaptation. to modern informational conditions of life.

Informatization also brings with it destructive tendencies for the entire society; it rapidly intensifies the processes of destruction of local cultures. Thus, it can be noted that the current state of culture fixes the stage of its transition from the local to the international level.

The “crisis of culture” also records a sharp increase in the rate of destruction of old values, oppression of the time boundaries of this process, which contributes to the emergence of negative trends in the modern information, communication and cultural space.

One of the phenomena of the information society is the Internet, which is considered as a cultural phenomenon that was created at the end of the twentieth century. on the technological basis of the worldwide system of computer networks. The Internet is a variant of hypermedia that synthetically combines both the content-articulating phenomena of multimedia (verbal text, video text, sound text, etc.) and the functionally articulated phenomenon of hypertext, a branched system of links (links) between texts and documents of multimedia based on a universal hypertext discourse (HTML) and standard address format (URL). In technical terms, it originates from the distributed (on the cancellation of local) computer network ARPAnet, created in the late 1960s by order of the US Department of Defense (ARPA), which demonstrated an effective method of communication, and the ability to combine into a single network of computers different types and also from NSFnet, created in 1985 by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) to consolidate its computer centers.

If at the beginning of the existence of the Internet its capabilities (e-mail, file servers, information retrieval services) were used mainly in the administrative, military and scientific environment, then the emergence in 1993-1994. such a subsystem of information as WWW (from the English - World Wide Web - " The World Wide Web", Author of the concept - T. Berners-Lee, 1990, European Center for Nuclear Research in Geneva), that is, a worldwide distributed database of hypertext documents that provide maximum accessibility to the user of multimedia information, made the Internet one of the most significant socio-cultural phenomena of the late twentieth century. Functionality The Internet is practically limitless ( instant exchange communications on e-mail on a global scale, information dissemination and news servers, education and electronic scientific conferences, advertising and trade, business and banking, access to cultural property through a kind of "virtual museum tours»And the entertainment industry, opportunities for individual self-expression through the creation of their own Web pages and communication through the Internet, etc.), due to which the spectrum of Internet users has become quite wide in absolute terms (the network connects millions of computers and hundreds of millions of people around the world ).

The emergence in the context of the culture of the twentieth century. such a phenomenon as the Internet has led to the transformation of the modern cultural space.

The Internet permeates the modern socio-cultural space with the Internet (access to information, including independent news servers, on the one hand; and freedom of dissemination of information, including Web pages, on the other), which is socially practically means an advanced democratization of society as a whole.

Information transparency of the social situation is becoming almost total, since: a) any user has the ability to access any information sites; b) the phenomenon of Web-cameras, which makes it possible to directly and freely observe the events that take place in the world, without comments and interpretations, opens up fundamentally new (inherently democratic) channels for informing the subject. Thirdly, the communicative opportunities that open up through the Internet not only expand the sphere of communication, but also significantly transform the phenomenon of communication in general in terms of content:

a) the possibilities of electronic communication not only remove the space, linguistic and formal barriers to communication, but also change the quality of communication as such (in a situation of social anonymity consciously chosen by the subject);

b) the phenomenon of electronic communication relieves the awkwardness of communication between people in cases of illness, disability, aesthetic trauma. According to psychologists, with direct dialogue between interlocutors, more than 80% of information is perceived through the visual analyzer.

Fourth, the Internet opens up unique opportunities not only for communicative, but also for creative self-realization of the individual (wide access to any sources and data, instant and wide presentation of individual theoretical or artistic activity, free self-expression, the possibility of individual Web pages).

Thus, the Internet is radically and multilaterally transforming the modern socio-cultural space - both in social and in its personal projections.

The downside of the positive transformations of the modern socio-cultural space associated with the Internet phenomenon is the spread of so-called computer crimes, that is, illegal actions, the instrument or object of which is a computer or a computer network. Internet opens technical capability illegal actions such as: illegal activities in the field software(the so-called "computer piracy"); unauthorized entry into computer network with the aim of destroying information (including the spread of software "viruses"); unauthorized access to confidential (private or corporate) information that opens up opportunities for its use - from changing school grades to illegal access to bank deposits (so-called "hacking"); distribution of porn advertising and the like. At the same time, the Internet can be considered as one of the tools for combating crime, which is being conducted through Interpol.

The information revolution covers economic activity, production of goods and services, penetrates into all spheres of life. The intensity of information flows, many times accelerates the global spread of knowledge and technical achievements, material and spiritual benefits, they should be considered as a new strategic resource of mankind. Unlike the scientific and technological revolutions of the past, the object of influence of the information revolution is not so much material production as human consciousness itself.

The information society penetrates our world, changing the idea of ​​nature, the world and oneself. Moreover, informatization also affects changes in the very mechanisms of the formation of individual, group, social, planetary consciousness. The information society drags behind it a deep transformation of the entire system of social ties of the individual, it liberates the individual, frees it from rigid attachment to a certain environment, opens up new opportunities for choosing life strategies. At the same time, the formed information society objectively confronts the individual with the problem of internal self-determination, building his own hierarchy of identity in order to find his place in the new society without losing himself as a person.

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The article describes information and communication coercion as a phenomenon inherent in the sociocultural interaction of people, and defines the content of information and communication protection of the individual. A common source of external threats to the information and psychological security of an individual is that part of the information environment of society, which, for various reasons, inadequately reflects the world around a person. Information that misleads people, into the world of illusions, does not allow to adequately perceive the environment and oneself. Internal sources of threats to the information and psychological security of the individual are inherent in the very biosocial nature of the human psyche, in the peculiarities of its formation and functioning, in the individual and personal characteristics of the individual. An algorithm for organizing protective procedures to neutralize manipulative effects is presented. It is concluded that communication as a vital necessity is realized through the model of cross-cultural polylogue in communicative practices. Comparative analysis of information flow filters is carried out. In the course of the study, the most relevant goals, methods of scientific knowledge were used, namely, the experimental method, the method of mathematical statistics and modeling, which made it possible to create a descriptive model that fully describes the situation of information and communication interaction in the sociocultural space and identifies the conditions for positive sociocultural transformations.

information impact

information

perception

manipulation

sociocultural interaction

communication

1. Gadamer G. G. Language and understanding // The relevance of the beautiful. - M .: Art, 1991. - P.43 -59.

2. Grachev G., Melnik I. Personality manipulation. - M .: Algorithm, 2002 .-- 288 p.

3. Opadchiy Yu. F. Analog and digital electronics. - M .: Hot line, 2002 .-- 768 p.

4. Pokrovskaya E. M., Ozerkin D. V. Smolnikova L. V. Report for the 2nd stage of the implementation of the Civil Code No. 16.740.11.0298 dated 07.11.2010. - 56 p.

5. Habermas J. Moral consciousness and communicative action. - SPb .: Nauka, 2000. –380 p.

Understanding of information and communication security as a state of protection of individual consciousness from the impact of information factors that cause dysfunctional psycho-emotional and social processes in the conditions of intercultural and intracultural interaction, led to the need to rethink approaches to the role of communication, communication, information interaction, as well as a number of other social psychological processes and phenomena in modern society.

In the conditions of modernization of Russia, when information and communication processes are fraught with phenomena that pose a real threat to the development of the individual and society as a whole, there is a need for breakthrough measures aimed at converging the humanitarian and technical aspects of ensuring the information and communication security of the individual and the humanitarian reflection of the technical realities of information society. In Russia, at present, there are no developed methods for identifying information and communication security (ICB) of a person, an information matrix that provides a safe mechanism for processing information arrays with the ability to analyze field tests.

It is necessary to develop a structured model for ensuring the personal ICB, which allows to overcome the contradiction between the need to be in constant information interaction and the impossibility of realizing a permanent positive influence of this interaction on the consciousness of people in the modern information and communication space.

The main objectives of our research are to create a description of information and communication coercion as a phenomenon inherent in the sociocultural interaction of people, to determine the content of information and communication protection of the individual and to carry out a comparative analysis of information flow filters.

In the course of the study, the most relevant goals, methods of scientific knowledge were used, namely, the experimental method, the method of mathematical statistics and modeling, which made it possible to create a descriptive model that fully describes the situation of information and communication interaction in the sociocultural space and identifies the conditions for positive sociocultural transformations.

The increasing complexity and dynamism of social processes in society, the impact of ongoing social changes directly on a person's daily life make him more and more dependent on the flow of mass media messages. Manipulation of people, namely the use of various means and technologies of information and communication impact has become quite common in everyday life. The scale and power of the influence of information factors on the psyche of people puts forward the provision of information and communication security in modern conditions at the level of a national problem. It is a person as a person and an active social subject, his psyche that are directly affected by information factors, which, being transformed through his behavior, actions (or inaction), have a dysfunctional effect on social subjects of different levels of community, different system-structural and functional organization.

A common source of external threats to the information and psychological security of an individual is that part of the information environment of society, which, for various reasons, inadequately reflects the world around a person. Information that misleads people, into the world of illusions, does not allow to adequately perceive the environment and oneself.

Internal sources of threats to the information and psychological security of the individual are inherent in the very biosocial nature of the human psyche, in the peculiarities of its formation and functioning, in the individual and personal characteristics of the individual.

Due to these features, people differ in the degree of susceptibility to various information influences, the ability to analyze and evaluate the incoming information, etc. In addition to individual characteristics, there are certain General characteristics and the regularities of the functioning of the psyche, which affect the degree of susceptibility to information and psychological influences and are inherent in most people.

Distinctive feature psychological manipulation is the attitude towards a partner in interaction and communication not as a person with an intrinsic value, but as a specific means through the use of which, as a rule, the hidden goals of the manipulator are achieved, his interests are realized and his own needs are satisfied without taking into account interests, will and desires on the other hand, a person acting as an object of manipulation.

The manipulation process can be extended in time and represent a multi-step, step-by-step procedure for providing a manipulative effect on a person. It can be relatively simple, including a "one-act" period of communication with the use of one or several techniques of manipulative influence, or structurally quite complex, i.e. include a complex (system) of various manipulative techniques, the action of which is aimed at various psychological structures of the personality and the use of various psychological mechanisms with a phased implementation of these techniques at certain periods of time and in various situations of interaction.

For a person, when organizing protective procedures to neutralize manipulative effects, a number of specific tasks arise. They can be formulated as follows:

Timely detection of the fact of manipulative influence and its direction;

Forecast of the probable goal and consequences of the impact (change in behavior, attitudes, assessments, possible damage to the addressee, target, etc.);

Formation of an adequate response, own behavior in a situation of manipulative influence.

The key task is to identify the very fact of manipulative influence and its power, since the negative consequences for the addressee depend on this, and this is the main danger for the individual.

When organizing protective procedures, it is necessary to know the approach from the side of the initiator of the manipulation, since during the defense, the addressee of the influence can take the position of the subject, the actor of the manipulative influence.

Whatever experience a person has in identifying psychological manipulations, he is not able to organize and implement in full the counter-manipulative counter-manipulation effect. This happens, first of all, because mass media channels are a one-sided instrument of information and communication impact of their owners on information consumers. Moreover, this influence is often carried out against the will of the addressee, for example, when information acts as a kind of background in places where a person is forced to be at one time or another. Whatever spreads through these channels, a person cannot influence the source of informational and psychological influence and thus is forced to perceive information into which a web of psychological manipulations is cleverly woven by specialists. The simplest way is to disconnect from the channel, but at the same time disconnection also occurs from information flows, without which in the modern world it is often impossible to do and satisfy your own information needs.

People, communicating with each other and coming into contact with each other, proceed from various reasons and motivations. All the variety of reasons prompting people to contact can be divided into two main groups. The first is associated with the need to organize activities and social behavior in society as a whole. The second is determined by the needs for communication, emotional contact, affection, love.

Currently, one of the most popular social and cultural models, in our opinion, is the model of cross-cultural polylogue in communicative practices. The acute social need to overcome differences in the process of cross-cultural interaction through rationally motivated choice and reaching a possible consensus on the basis of jointly developed decisions is considered by Y. Habermas as one of the most important tasks of communicative relations. By communicative, the philosopher understands "such interactions in which their participants agree and coordinate plans for their actions, while the agreement reached in one or another case is measured by the subjective recognition of claims to significance," that is, to the truth, correctness and truthfulness. The result of such a process should be consistent goal-rational practical actions, representing the unity of purpose, means and result. The linear scheme of the dialogue should be revised in favor of the "hermeneutic circle", i.e. in the regulations of the polylogue, it is necessary to provide for the stages of returning to the early stages of development and finding a consensus. According to GG Gadamer, "this means that suddenly the reasons why the other says, what he says, become completely transparent."

Consideration of the techniques of psychological manipulation used in business discussions, discussions, meetings, and other formal and informal forms of interpersonal interaction allows us to illustrate how people with pronounced manipulative qualities form argumentation models that allow them to gain an advantage. Three main groups of manipulative techniques can be distinguished, which are also referred to as tricks used in discussion discussions: organizational-procedural tricks, logical-psychological tricks, and personality tricks.

In order not to succumb to these tricks, you must at least try to resist the manipulations of the interlocutor. There are several types of opposition to influence: counterargument, constructive criticism, evasion, psychological self-defense, ignorance and rejection.

The information flow according to the classification criterion of frequency is subdivided into single, repeated and regular. In this regard, it makes sense to talk about filtering the information flow in the case of repeated and regular impact on the individual's consciousness. Let us define active and passive filters based on the separation accepted in electronics.

Active filters are those that use both passive and active elements to form a personal ICB in a given information and communication space. Passive elements include elements aimed at confirming the presence of a threat, and active elements include not only the ascertaining part, but also a tool for eliminating the existing threat. The use of elements designed to eliminate the threat and the inadmissibility of its reappearance distinguishes active filters from filters only on passive elements.

Let's compare (table 2) two types of filters in order to determine the most effective and modern type filtration.

Table 2. Comparative analysis of filters

Filter type	Active filters	Passive filters
Positive characteristics	1. The ability to amplify the signal emanating from threats and lying in their bandwidth. There is an opportunity for a faster elimination of a threat if its danger is exaggerated.	1. There is no need to attract additional resources.
	2. The ability to avoid the use of bulky elements in the formation of the personal ICB. For example, a query about the degree of danger of a threat is a cumbersome, unnecessary element that is already beginning to have a negative impact on the consciousness of an individual.
	3. Ability to quickly rebuild and tune for appropriate information and communication needs. For example, we cut off all information about crime or all repetitive information flow.
	4. Ease of integration into the information and communication environment of the individual.
Negative characteristics	1. The need to attract additional resources.	1. Statement of the fact of the threat action without corrective measures.
	2. Limited range of action. For example, an action only on a regular flow of information, or only on a recurring flow of information.	2. The inability to vary the gain. So, not all threats can be identified due to their weakly expressed negative signal.

As can be seen from the presented table, active filters have more advantages and, despite the listed disadvantages, are more effective and find wide practical application.

In conclusion, we note that information as the only tool for understanding processes and phenomena and communication as a form of interaction (exchange of information in a polylogue) between various subjects are becoming a global national resource for scientific and technological progress and the development of all mankind.

The degree of harmful effects depends on the subject's ability to cope with or obey negative influences. Coercion is always there, we constantly experience it on ourselves in different spheres of our life. It is impossible to completely limit oneself from the negative impact of the mass media and sociocultural space. It is possible to learn how to better filter and analyze the incoming information and remain unconvinced, not paying attention to the imposition of someone else's, negative point of view.

The work was carried out within the framework of the Federal Target Program "Scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel of innovative Russia 2009-2013".

Reviewers:

Vostrikov A.A., Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Professor, Institute of Theory of Education, Tomsk State Pedagogical University, Tomsk.

Shalumov A.S. Doctor technical sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Information Technologies of the Vladimir Branch Russian Academy national economy and public service under the President of the Russian Federation, Tomsk.

Bibliographic reference

Pokrovskaya E.M., Ozerkin D.V. THE PROBLEM OF MANIPULATIVE IMPACT ON HUMAN IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION SPACE // Modern problems of science and education. - 2012. - No. 5 .;
URL: http://science-education.ru/ru/article/view?id=7268 (date of access: 02/01/2020). We bring to your attention the journals published by the "Academy of Natural Sciences"