Slide 3

What do you think the process of growing up in society means?

Slide 4

The division of society into groups is called social differentiation.

Slide 5

Imagine societies in terms of social differentiation.

• The first group represents a primitive society.
• The second group represents a slave society.
• The third group represents a feudal society.
• The fourth group represents capitalist society

Slide 6

Here is a diagram of a medieval society. Comment on it from a social point of view

differentiation.

Slide 7

A large group of people in a certain position was called a stratum (layer), and the totality of social strata located in a vertical order was called social stratification.

Slide 8

Remember and name the causes of inequality.

Imagine that you are attending a discussion club meeting that discusses inequality. The following point of view has been brought up for your discussion - a modern English political scientist asserts: "The whole history of mankind proves that inequality is necessary to achieve a certain ideal of human perfection, both individual and collective." Divide into two groups: critics and positivists, discuss the problem of unequal distribution of wealth among people, give arguments in defense of your position.

Slide 9

Can inequality be eliminated? Should we strive for this? Express your opinion, backing it up with arguments.

Slide 10

Types of social stratification

Economic stratification (expressed in the difference in income, living standards, in the existence of the rich, poor and middle strata of the population);

Political stratification (division of society into managers and governed, political leaders and the masses);

Professional stratification (identification of various groups in society by the nature of their activities, occupations).

Slide 11

Group assignments

• The first group is "Social stratification according to Karl Marx" (paragraph 2 § 1).
• The second group - "Social stratification according to M. Weber" (paragraph 3 § 1, document to the paragraph on p. 15).
• The third group - "Social stratification from the point of view of modern sociologists" (additional material).

Slide 12

To use preview presentations create yourself an account ( account) Google and log into it: https://accounts.google.com

Slide captions:

§ 1. SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND SOCIAL RELATIONS Social studies Grade 11 (profile)

A social group is any set of people that has any common socially significant feature. Different social groups have different positions in society. This position is determined by unequal rights and privileges, responsibilities and duties, property and income, attitudes towards power and influence among members of their community.

Social differentiation is the division of society into different social groups that occupy different positions in it.

Social inequality is the uneven distribution of society's resources - money, power, education and prestige between different segments of the population.

The difference between groups based on the principle of inequality is expressed in the formation of social strata. A strata is a large group of people in a certain social position.

Social stratification is a set of social strata located at different levels in a vertical order. The term "stratification" is taken from geology, where it refers to the vertical arrangement of strata.

Social stratification criteria income power education prestige

Types of social stratification Economic: the difference in income, living standards, the presence of the poor and the rich. 2. Political: the division of society into managers and governed. 3. Professional: by occupation, occupation.

Approaches to the analysis of social stratification of social. social stratification Marx stratification by Weber

Answer the questions on § 1 (item 2, pp. 7-8) 1. What did Marx consider the main form of social stratification? 2. What is the novelty of the theory of classes according to Marx? 3. What are the general conclusions from his theory?

Answer the questions on § 1 (clause 3, pp. 9-10) 1. What Weber considered Ch. form of social. stratification? 2. What was the main criterion he singled out? 3. What groups, apart from classes, did the sociologist identify? 4. Give examples of status groups. 5. What are the criteria for identifying status groups. 6. What is the difference between classes and status groups? 7. What other type of stratification did Weber identify? 8. Make general conclusions on the position of Weber.

Social stratification according to Marx Main form social stratification - social class. The main feature of a class is its attitude to ownership of the means of production. Owner class A class that does not have property Antagonism in the relationship between them, class struggle. Conclusion: the class stratification of society is determined by economic factors.

Social stratification according to Weber singled out in the social. structure of the classes ch. criterion - wealth, accumulated income for each person identified status groups (castes, estates, etc.) criteria for identifying status groups - ethnicity, territorial community, religious views, common profession, prestige) Type of stratification based on the power Polit. class, elite Groups devoid of power Conclusion: Weber's approach to stratification is based on three main criteria: property, prestige, power

stratum class Differs in: Level of income, main features of lifestyle, involvement in power structures, property relations, social prestige, self-assessment of one's position in society, place in the system of social production, relation to the means of production, role in the social organization of labor, methods and amounts of obtaining wealth

Social mobility is the movement of people from one social group to another, changes in their status.

Closed total structure: caste system in India, limited by social. mobility in patriarchal, feudal societies.

Modern Democratic Society Open: Travel Restrictions Removed

Types of social mobility Vertical (ascending and descending) Horizontal Moving from one level of the social hierarchy to another Transition to a group located at the same level as the previous one (without changing the status) Types of social mobility Individual Group Moving down, up or horizontally occurs in each person independently of the others Movements occur collectively (for example, after a social revolution, the old class yields domination to a new class)

Social "elevators" (channels of social mobility) are the paths along which people move from one social group to another.

Social "elevators" according to P. Sorokin ARMY SCHOOL CHURCH

Modern social elevators Social status families Physical and mental abilities, external data of a person Change of residence Obtaining education and upbringing Army service

Factors affecting group social mobility Social revolutions Foreign interventions Interstate and civil wars Military coups Change of political regimes Structural restructuring of the economy

Social mobility can be accompanied by lumpenization and marginalization. Unstable social groups Lumpen - the lower strata of society: declassed part of the population, incapable of independent action; people who have sunk to the bottom of life (beggars, homeless people, vagabonds, criminal elements - a breeding ground for extremist organizations.

Unstable social groups Marginal are groups that occupy an intermediate position between stable communities. Types of marginals Ethnic marginals: emerging as a result of migration to a foreign ethnic group Economic marginals: generated by the loss of work and material well-being Religious marginals: persons outside traditional confessions Social marginals: appearing due to incomplete social displacement

Types of marginals Political marginals: arise as a result of the loss of generally accepted norms of political culture Biomarginal: people whose health is no longer a matter of concern from the state. Channels of marginalization Migration, war, revolution, natural disasters

Outcasts Danger to society: strive for a firm hand, become the base of anti-democratic regimes. Exceptions: People from these groups are entrepreneurial and successful in the profession.

Homework: § 1, make a plan on the topic "Trends in the development of social relations", (p. 6, p. 13).

Literature: 1. Social studies. Grade 11: Cheb. for general education. institutions: profile. level / L.N.Bogolyubov, A.Yu. Lazebnikova, A.T. Kinkulkin and others, ed. L.N.Bogolyubova /. M.: Education, 2011. 2. Social studies: Social relations: express tutor for preparation for the exam / PA Baranov, SyuV.Shevchenko. - M.: AST: Asstrel; Vladimir, 2012.

Slide 3

Historical types of social stratification

• Slavery is an extreme form of inequality in which some individuals are the property of others.
• A caste is a group whose members are linked by origin or legal status, belonging to which is hereditary, the transition from one caste to another is almost impossible. (endogamy)

Slide 4

• Estate - a group that has established custom or law and inherited rights and obligations. Estates were based on land ownership. A characteristic feature of the estate is the presence of social symbols and signs: titles, uniforms, orders, titles.
• Classes arise depending on the difference in the economic position of groups of individuals, inequality in the ownership and control of economic resources.

Slide 5

Plato

• All citizens belong to one of three classes - 1) rulers, 2) warriors, and 3) workers (farmers, artisans, doctors, actors).
• Plato believed that rulers should not own any private property other than the minimum necessary, so that they would not defend their own interests. They should only focus on public welfare.

Slide 6

Aristotle

All states have three elements: one class is very rich; the other is very poor; the third is the middle one. This third is the best because its members are most willing to follow reasonable rules in terms of living conditions. It is from the poor and the rich that some grow up to be criminals, and others as swindlers. State where middle class more numerous and stronger than both others put together, it is best managed, for social equilibrium is ensured.

Slide 7

Inequality, stratification and class

• Inequality is a condition in which people have unequal access to social goods such as money, power, and prestige.
• Stratification - refers to the ways in which inequality is passed from one generation to the next; at the same time, various strata of society are being formed.

Slide 8

• Inequality. The farmer has gathered a rich harvest and has the opportunity to expand his farm; at the same time, the shepherd suffers great losses, since half of his cattle die from the disease. As a result, the material well-being of these two people is different.
• Stratification. The farmer expands his plot of land, and after death, each of the children receives a farm of considerable size. But when a shepherd dies, his children inherit practically nothing. The same thing is repeated among other farmers and shepherds.
• Class. Over the years, farmers have formed a group based on common interests and a sense of superiority over the shepherds, who also develop a sense of belonging to the group; they are united by common grievances, for example, that farmers are depriving them of their water supply.

Slide 9

Class

• Class is conditioned by the existence of social groups with unequal access to wealth, power and unequal prestige; their position in society sometimes makes them powerful political groups.
• Classes are possible - large groups of people differing in their general economic opportunities, which significantly affect the types of their lifestyles.
• social structure arises in relation to the social division of labor, and social stratification - in relation to the social distribution of the results of labor, that is, social benefits.

Slide 10

Class stratification

• classes are not created on the basis of legal and religious norms, membership in them is not based on hereditary status;
• class systems are more mobile, and the boundaries between classes are not rigidly delineated;
• classes depend on economic differences between groups of people associated with inequality in the ownership and control of material resources;
• the main reason for class differences - inequality between conditions and wages - applies to all occupational groups as a result of economic circumstances;
• social mobility is much simpler than in other stratification systems; there are no formal restrictions for it, although mobility is actually constrained by a person's starting capabilities and the level of his aspirations.

Slide 11

Marx stratification

The stratification of society according to Marx is one-dimensional, connected only with classes, since its main basis is the economic position, and all the rest (rights, privileges, power, influence) fit into the "Procrustean bed" of the economic position, are combined with it.

Slide 12

Max Weber's theory of social stratification

• property, or rather the types of its ownership, provide an opportunity for the emergence of economic classes, in which measures of access to power, the formation of political parties are distinguished, and the prestige of some of them creates status groupings.
• classes take place only in a society with a capitalist system.

Pitirim Sorokin: “The specific hypostases of social stratification are numerous. However, all their diversity can be reduced to three main forms: 1) economic, 2) political and 3) professional stratification. "

Slide 13

• The upper class of the upper class are wealthy aristocrats, such as Prince Charles.
• The lower class of the upper class are first-generation millionaires who are often associated with the underworld, flaunt their wealth, sometimes associated with the underworld, have a strong character and a phenomenal entrepreneurial spirit.
• The upper middle class consists of highly educated intellectuals (doctors, lawyers) and business people (owners of capital). These intellectuals were able to invent an outstanding invention and make a great profit from the sale of this invention.

Slide 14

William Lloyd Warner (1898 - 1970).

• The middle class of the middle class.
• The lower stratum of the middle class are clerks, secretaries, cashiers, ordinary doctors, school teachers.
• The upper stratum of the lower class are skilled workers. These include qualified electricians, instrumentation and automation repairmen, welders, turners, car drivers, etc.
• The lowest stratum of the lower class are homeless vagabonds, beggars, criminals and the unemployed.

Slide 15

Inequality shapes (stratification profile)

Slide 16

Allocate the main types of social community

• Aggregation is a set of individuals who are in the same place at the same time (queue, passengers in transport).
• Quasigroup: a) crowd - an internally disorganized set of individuals with spatial proximity, general external stimuli and emotional community; b) audience - a set of individuals associated with the communicator in order to obtain information or emotions (movie theater audience, lecture hall visitors).
• A social group is a set of individuals interacting with each other based on the shared expectations of each member of the group in relation to others, who are aware of their belonging to a given group and are recognized as members of this group from the point of view of others.

Slide 17

Social group; aggregation; quasigroup

1. It is characterized by stable interaction, stability of existence in space and time.
2. It is situational.
3. Has a certain degree of cohesion.
4. It is a structureless education.
5. It is characterized by homogeneous composition.
6. Inherent heterogeneity of composition, intergroup character.
7. It is included in broader communities as structural elements.
8. They are not able to act as part of broader communities as their structural units.
9. Possesses high level social control.
10. Possesses low level social control.

Slide 18

Social mobility is the transition of people from one social group to another

Slide 19

Social elevator

• Social lift is a conventional name for a set of factors that have a decisive impact on vertical social mobility.
• 1) a crisis society (revolutions, wars, conquests); 2) normal society (army, church, family, marriage, school, property).
• Pitirim Sorokin, studying mobility, apart from “lifts”, discovered social “filters” that prevent individual advancement “upward”. Social filters: 1) qualifications; 2) quotas; 3) exams; 4) certification; 5) fines; 6) determination of status; 7) ranks; 8) benefits; 9) privileges

Slide 20

Lumpen and marginals

• Lumpen - the proletariat (from German Lumpen - "rags") - a term introduced by Karl Marx to designate the lower strata of the proletariat. Later, all declassed strata of the population (vagabonds, beggars, criminals, and others) began to be called "lumpen". In most cases, a lumpen is a person without any property and living on odd jobs.
• Lumpen - declassed elements, people without social roots, moral code, ready to obey the strong, that is, this moment real power. The lumpenization of society is taking place in a social crisis.
• Marginal (from French marginal, Latin margo - edge, border) - 1) located on the border of two environments; 2) a person who, according to his position, finds himself outside a certain social stratum, group (marginal person, marginal).

Slide 21

Positive and negative sides of marginality

• Marginalization is usually associated with painful psychological experiences.
• This situation is dangerous, because a person may begin to feel superfluous, unnecessary.
• this situation can become an impetus that will make a person make efforts and either adapt to society, restore his position in it, or change the social structure.

Slide 22

Collars

• Collars (gold, white, gray, blue) are a symbol for various categories of hired workers:
• Gold collars - scientific and design personnel. White collars - engineers and technicians and office workers. Gray collars - workers in the social sphere; Blue collars are manual laborers; pale collars are a generalized name for employees who have become unemployed. the latest generation Computer - Neuromachines with a complex system of sensory and executive organs. In the future, they will be able to replace humans in many production processes. Iron collars are autonomous intelligent robots that serve as an artificial labor force.