Each computer connected to the Internet has its own unique address, represented by either a combination of numbers or a specific combination of characters, a domain name. However, this information is not enough to find a specific document on the computer, which is stored as a file in a specific directory.

As you know, to gain access to the desired file, you must specify the path to it. However, when accessing a file over a network, this is again not enough. It is required to indicate which protocol should be used to gain access to information. The protocols describing the method of access, the address of the computer, the path to the file and its name are contained in the unique address of each information resource, called the Uniform Resource Locator, or URL for short.

The URL is also called the resource address or simply the address. It is important to know how this address is spelled correctly. A complete URL containing all elements looks like this:

Protocol: // server_address / path / file name

The symbolic code of the document URL on the server is built according to a standard template: it specifies the data transfer protocol, the name of the Internet server, then the path to the document on the server (names of subfolders) can be specified, and, finally, the name of the document is indicated. The scheme for composing the address (URL) of a document hosted on a server on the Internet is as follows:

<протокол>://< сервер>/<путь>/<документ>

Protocol? this is the first part of the address, separated from the rest of the address by a colon and two forward slashes (: //). The access method can be specified, for example, http, ftp.

Server address? this is the domain name of the computer that hosts the data.

Way? it is a sequence of names of directories and subdirectories, the last of which contains the desired file. The directory names are separated by a forward slash.

The filename is the name of the target file we are looking for. It must have a specific extension.

Web page extensions

Do web page names have the extension? html, names of test files that store scientific articles, extension? pdf, and the names of multimedia documents, extension? gif, jpg.

Let's consider the structure of various URLs using the example of the address of the Faculty of Psychology of the Lomonosov Moscow State University. The address of the university is http://www.msu.ru, and the address of the laboratory itself is http://www.psy.msu.ru. Entering this address will take you to the home page of that faculty.

It is from the home page that it is convenient to start your virtual journey through the website of any organization, be it a small university laboratory, a mighty computer company, or a government agency. On this journey, you can use hyperlinks to navigate from one document to the next, each with its own URL.

All addresses start with http. This means that the data is hosted on a web server. Often there are URLs with only two parts, usually the protocol and the server address, that is, the names of directories and files are not specified. Nevertheless, you can find the required web page at this address. The fact is that if the file name is not explicitly specified in the URL, then by default the file is loaded from the home page.

13. Web pages and Web sites, their creation and search.

A web page is a hypertext resource on the World Wide Web, usually written in HTML. A web page can contain links to quickly navigate to other pages, as well as static and dynamic images. The program that displays a web page is called a web browser. In addition to text and images, a web page can contain media files, such as sound and video files, applets, and scripts (JavaScript, VBScript) that make the page content dynamic. The informational content of a web page is commonly referred to as content. Several web pages, united by a common theme and design, and linked by links, and usually located on the same web server, form a website. Typically, a Web page file has the extension .html or .htm. A website is structured like a magazine that contains information about a topic or issue. Just as a magazine is made up of printed pages, a website is made up of computer Web pages. Web sites are created using the HTML hypertext markup language. HTML technology consists in the fact that control characters (tags) are inserted into a normal text document and as a result we get a Web page. The browser, when loading a Web page, presents it on the screen in the form specified by the tags. To create Web pages, simple text editors are used that do not include text formatting control characters in the document being created. As such an editor in Windows, you can use the standard Notepad application. In addition, there are many technologies in which the basic steps for creating sites are already automated, all that remains is to make changes in accordance with your topic. To view an HTML page, simply enter its URL in the address bar of a Web browser and then follow the hyperlinks. But this is precisely the main problem - how to find out the address of the page? Most often it happens that you know what you need to find, but you don't know where exactly to look. To solve this problem, there are special search engines. From the user's point of view, a search engine is an ordinary site on the main page of which there are links to other sites broken down by headings ("Sports", "Business", "Computers", etc.). In addition, the search engine allows the user to enter multiple keywords and returns links to pages containing those keywords.

14. Using HTML to develop Web pages and Web sites.

HTML (from the English HyperText Markup Language - "hypertext markup language") is the standard markup language for documents on the World Wide Web. HTML technology consists in the fact that control characters (tags) are inserted into a normal text document and as a result we get a Web page. The browser, when loading a Web page, presents it on the screen in the form specified by the tags. To create Web pages, simple text editors are used that do not include text formatting control characters in the document being created. As such an editor in Windows, you can use the standard Notepad application. In addition, there are many technologies in which the basic steps for creating sites are already automated, all that remains is to make changes in accordance with your topic. The main advantages of HTML documents are:

small information volume;

the ability to view on personal computers equipped with various operating systems.

HTML is a tagged markup language for documents. Any HTML document is a set of elements, and the beginning and end of each element is indicated by special marks - tags. Elements can be empty, that is, they do not contain any text or other data. In this case, the end tag is usually not specified. In addition, elements can have attributes that define some of their properties (for example, the font size for the font element). Attributes are specified in the opening tag. The case in which the element name and attribute names are typed is irrelevant in HTML. Items can be nested. In addition to elements, HTML documents also contain entities - “special characters”. Entities begin with an ampersand and are of the form & name; or NNNN ;, where NNNN is the decimal Unicode character code. For example, © stands for copyright ©. Typically, entities are used to represent characters that are not in the encoding of the document, or to represent "special" characters: & - ampersand &,< - символа «меньше» < и >- "greater than"> symbols, which are incorrect to write in the "usual" way, due to their special meaning in HTML. Every HTML document that conforms to a version of the HTML specification must begin with an HTML version declaration line, which usually looks something like this:If this string is not specified, it becomes more difficult to get the document to display correctly in the browser. Further, the beginning and end of the document are indicated with tags and respectively. Within these tags, there must be title tags ( ) and body ( ) document.

15. UsageFrontPageto create web pages and web sites.

FrontPage 2003 application is a visual html editor for quick website creation. HTML is the primary programming language for the Web environment. With FrontPage, you can create a site structure, form pages, add interactive tools, and upload files to a server on the Internet. Web pages are based on the Hypertext Markup Language (HTML). HTML uses commands called tags to define the content and format of hypertext documents. HTML pages are plain text documents containing special formatting commands (HTML tags). There is no need to learn HTML to create a website using FrontPage. FrontPage makes it quite easy to type text that can be placed on a Web page, to arrange pictures in the right places. Using FrontPage, you can create effects that typically require scripts or DHTML programs. A site or Web site is a collection of related Web pages and files. FrontPage provides wizards that let you create a site, and templates, or a set of pre-designed text and graphic formats, from which new web pages can be created. FrontPage wizards and templates let you create various types of sites. Each site has one Web page called the home or home page. The home page is the first Web page that a site visitor comes to. Using navigation or hyperlinks, users will be able to get to other pages of the site. Typically, a site is hosted on a Web server — a computer that provides access to Web pages to site visitors. FrontPage allows you to create a site directly on the file system of a user's computer, and then, when ready, publish it to a Web server.

Setting page parameters. Words enclosed in quotation marks. Test cursor. Entering text. Headers and footers. Byte. Get acquainted with the basic rules for creating documents. Codes. Rules. Characters missing from the keyboard. Get acquainted with the basic rules for entering punctuation marks. Single character code. Units for measuring the amount of information. Creation of headers and footers in the text. Creation of documents and headers and footers.

"Text editor of documents" - Formation of techniques for qualified keyboard writing. Finger. Text input and editing mode. Scroll bars. Structural units of the text. Interface. Text editors. Modes of operation of a text editor. The exercise. Text editor environment. Word processors. Additional features of word processors. Word processor. The working field of the text editor. Status bar.

"Text Editor" - Lesson Objectives. Text editor. Dictionary. A text editor makes people's work easier. Test on the topic "Text editor". We are working on the test. Document registration. Uploading a file. Recruitment rules. Printing a document. Saving the file. Typing. Conclusions. Types of text editors. Editing. Possibilities of a text editor. A text editor is an application program.

"Coding and processing of textual information" - Types of information. Windows. Linux. Graphic. AbiWord. Entering text. It worked out for me. Information. A text editor is a program designed to create, edit (edit) texts. Decode information. Windows - Linux-. Entering (typing) text. Creation and processing of text Creation and processing of pictures Creation and processing of melodies. Assess your work in the lesson. Microsoft Office Word. When typing, follow these rules:

ABBYY finereader 10 - Tools for improving the recognition results. Saving the results. Internet. Segments. Analysis and recognition. Toolbar. Numbers. Recognition accuracy and speed of work. ABBYY finereader 10. Receiving and processing images. Working with the image. Preservation of the complete design. Completion of the box. Ease of use. Content. Recognition languages. Support for most of the world's languages.

"Scribus" - software for layout and preparation of publications (Scribus). Insert> Add Image. Setting up a text block. Script> Insert> Insert Page. Image acquisition. Text block management. Working with levels. Journal title block. Working with layers. Layer concept. Image blocks. Selected block. The font color of the text block. Adding and changing text in the block. Styles. Security Question.

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Website pages are documents or portions of web resources that have a unique URL. They are in which there are images, audio files, text, video materials or animation. Working with and viewing it is carried out using browsers.

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What is a web page for

The main purpose is to view information. The web page contains text, graphics, audio and video content. It is read from the page by the browser and displayed to users.

Also, with the help of pages, a person can perform certain actions on the site: open tabs, menus, fill out feedback forms, place an order in an online store.

How to save a web page

• Click on the menu and select the "Save As" item, then a dialog box with the same name will open.
• In the window that appears, we need to select the file type, page name and save location. Today there are 4 formats, we will analyze them below.
• Click "Save", now you can view a copy of the page at any time.

4 formats for saving pages:

• Fully. In this format, the selected element is saved in full, with all images and stylistic solutions, design. The browser also creates a separate folder where all materials placed on the resource are placed: pictures, photos, widgets, etc.
• HTML. It is no longer possible to save images and stylistic solutions here, the original is saved with the same structure and text. This saves memory space.
• Text. The surviving text can be viewed using any editor, the text is saved in full, and not in fragments.
• Files. All files placed on the page are saved. If necessary, you can change the extension of this or that file.

What does the message "the web page is out of date" mean?

This is a fairly common mistake. It means that the local copy of the page is out of date while the user is requesting to load it. To solve the problem, you need to reload the page.

What does the message "web page slows down the browser" mean

Often when browsing sites, the text "The web page is slowing down your browser" is displayed. As a rule, the slowdown occurs due to the fact that the browser automatically loads a lot of unnecessary scripts on a given page. To solve the problem, you need to change the settings of your web browser in order to quickly load scripts. To do this, go to the browser menu, look for "Tools", then click on the "Add" item. We are looking for a specialized plugin "Shockwave Flash" and install it. Then, in the plugin settings, select the item "Ask before activation" and put a tick next to it. Please note that the name of the items may vary depending on the browser used, the main thing is to grasp the meaning.

After that, the scripts will not be loaded automatically, the system will ask for permission before each load.

Web page not responding: what to do and how to fix the problem

Here everything is not as simple as in the cases described above. The problem could be anything. Let's see how to solve this problem.

First, pay attention to the URL. Check that the page address is correct in the address bar. Next, check if the resource opens on another computer. If the page does not load on all PCs, check your internet connection. If everything is in order here, the problem may be in the site.

The second way is to delete files. These are special files that are created to store information about the created profile. Sometimes cookies get corrupted. This results in the pages not being displayed. To delete them, open the browser settings, select the "Advanced" item and then "Personal data". We open the content settings and select the files of interest to us. We delete "All cookies and site data".

The next way is to change the proxy server. Sometimes connecting through a proxy server can lead to slow loading of web pages or errors in their display. To solve the problem, go to the settings, then open the "Network" item and specify the name of the network. Next, open the proxy server settings and enter the required parameters. If you do not know these parameters, contact your network administrator. Then the Internet connection will be interrupted. Reconnect to the Internet and continue working.

The web page has been moved: what to do

You can often come across this message. Most likely, a new address will be located nearby, and the browser will offer to follow this link. Go to the new version of the page and get access to the information you need.

We have figured out what a web page is, how to use it for certain purposes. As you can see, from time to time in the work of web pages can occur problems, but they are all solvable.

24. What is the basic protocol on the Internet?

25. Which of the methods of connecting to the Internet provides the greatest opportunities for accessing information resources?

1). permanent fiber optic connection

2). dial-up dial-up access

3). permanent connection via a dedicated telephone channel

4). dial-up terminal connection

26. An e-mail address on the Internet is set: [email protected] What is the name of the owner of the email address?

1). int.glasnet.ru

Programs that can be used and copied free of charge are denoted by the computer term ...

1). twisted pair wires

2). fiber optic cable

3). coaxial cable

In computer networks, the hub performs the function of .....

1). concentration in one packet of several bytes

2). modulation and demodulation of information signals

3). signal compression

4). switching several communication channels to one by private separation

Domain.ru is a ________ domain.

1). primary

2). zonal

3). reliable

4). The main

Protection of information

1. Can a computer virus be present on a blank floppy disk (there are no files on the floppy disk)?

1). yes, in the field of data

2). yes, in the catalog area

3). yes, in the boot sector of the floppy

In order to preserve information, hard magnetic disks must be protected from ...

1). low temperature

2). differences in atmospheric pressure

4). shocks during installation

Data archiving programs refer to ...

1). basic software

2). service software

3). instrumental software

4). application software

Digital signature provides

1). Impossibility to refuse archiving

2). Fast forwarding of the document

3). Protection against document changes

4). remote access to document

Electronic digital signature establishes _____ information

1). integrity

3). consistency

4). Inconsistency

7. A computer virus is ...

1). special program capable of multiplying

2). disk checker

3). virus tracking software

4). a file that, when run, infects others

Cable network security refers to ______________ information security methods

1). organizational

2). administrative

3). programmatic

4). Physical

9. Viruses can be classified by:

1). the way of contamination of the habitat

2). habitat

3). impact

4). at the place of creation