New innovative technologies in medicine presentation. Information technology in professional activity presentation for the lesson on the topic. The use of it in medicine

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GBOU SPO MU No. 13 DZM Scientific and practical conference on the topic Leader Molodova E.Yu. Innovation in regenerative medicine research

Objectives: to tell about new achievements in this area of research; the possibility of applying the obtained research results in practice in the near future; to present conclusions about the prospects of the sounded studies.

Relevance Nowadays, there are a lot of people with disabilities (without one or more limbs) due to traumatic or surgical amputation. They are limited in movement and other human capabilities. Modern engineering and the medical industry in the face of prostheses come to their aid in our time. But prostheses can never completely replace a real lost body part.

In this regard, scientific and production programs were launched aimed at the development of priority research and practical developments in regenerative medicine.

The tasks of regenerative medicine are: creation of new medical devices; creation of artificial organs (this science is called "bionics"). Tissue engineering and cell therapy are also involved in the creation of new developments. New biomaterials are being developed and translational medicine is being developed for the fastest introduction of progressive regenerative technologies into clinical practice.

A great discovery in the field of regeneration was made by American scientists, conducting experiments on laboratory mice. Their main goal was to inhibit the processes of scarring of tissues for their complete healing without residual scars on the damaged surface.

A honeycomb-like material converts stem cells into bone. It was created by employees of the Universities of Edinburgh and Southampton. The structure of the material resembles a honeycomb. This allows stem cells to linger in a specific location. By attaching to the material, the stem cells automatically transform into bone cells.

This will save people with osteoporosis. They will have new ones in place of old worn-out bones, and the frame will dissolve. The material is already being tested on animals (tested on mice and plans to work with sheep). Efficacy has also been proven in vitro using human tissue. Clinical trials will begin in at least five years.

As a result of all the scientific information that was presented on this topic, we can conclude: Currently, regenerative medicine is developing at a rapid pace and, given its enormous potential for the restoration of damaged human tissues and organs, in the near future we will witness amazing discoveries that will help people with disabilities to become full-fledged members of society. Conclusion

Thank you for your attention!

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Krasnoturinsk branch

GBPOU "SOMK"

EN.02 Information Technology v professional activity

Information technology in medicine

Boyarinova O.V., teacher

1. Medical informatics

3. Ways of development of medical information systems

1. Medical informatics

Information processes are present in all areas of medicine and health care. The clarity of the functioning of the industry as a whole and the efficiency of its management depend on their orderliness. Information processes in medicine are considered by medical informatics.

Medical informatics – is a science that studies the processes of receiving, transferring, processing, storing, distributing, presenting information using information technology in medicine and healthcare.

Subject the study of medical informatics are information processes associated with biomedical, clinical and preventive problems.

An object the study of medical informatics is information technology implemented in health care.

Basic aim medical informatics is optimization information processes in medicine and health care through the use computer technology ensuring the improvement of the quality of public health protection.

Medical information is any information related to medicine, and in a personalized sense - information related to the state of health of a particular person

Types of medical information

(G.I. Nazarenko)

Alphanumeric - Most of the content of medical information (all printed and handwritten documents);
Visual (statistical and dynamic) - statistical - images (radiographs, etc.), dynamic - dynamic images (pupil response to light, patient's facial expressions, etc.);
Sound - the patient's speech, flowmetric signals, sounds during Doppler examination, etc.);
Combined - any combination of the described groups.

The main problems solved by computerized systems in health care

Monitoring the health status of different groups of the population, including patients of risk groups and people with socially significant diseases;
Advisory support in clinical medicine (diagnostics, prediction, treatment) based on computational procedures or modeling the logic of decision-making;
Transition to electronic medical records and outpatient medical records, including calculations for the treatment of insured patients;
Automation functional and laboratory diagnostics;
Transition to integrated automation medical institutions (including doctors' workstations in information systems);
Receiving information from the ACS institutions for federal registers for certain socially significant types of pathology, for regional and city registers - for various contingents;
Creation of a unified information medical space of clinical data for the prompt adoption of adequate treatment and diagnostic decisions;
"Transparency" for the attending physician patient data for any period of time, their availability at any time when accessing the database of the global medical network;
Remote capability dialogue with colleagues.

The history of computerization of domestic health care

Informatics was introduced into medicine from several relatively independent directions, the main ones of which were:

laboratories and groups dealing with medical cybernetics;
medical device manufacturers;
medical information and computing centers;
third-party organizations involved in the automation of management activities;
heads of medical institutions who independently introduced the new technology.

Implementation process computing technology in healthcare institutions of our country has almost half a century history.

In 1959, the first laboratory of medical cybernetics and informatics was organized at the Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery, and in 1961 a computer appeared in this laboratory, the first in medical institutions of the Soviet Union. Laboratories of medical cybernetics were also organized in a number of institutes of the Academy of Sciences.
In the 60-70s, many leading research institutes already had such laboratories. Computers have become more compact and cheaper, their total number in the country has exceeded one thousand. Access to them for employees of medical institutions has become easier, the number of medical tasks solved with their help has increased. In addition to statistical data processing, work is actively developing on consultative diagnostics and forecasting the course of diseases.
In the 70-80s, computers became available not only for research institutes, but also for many large clinics. In addition to the work carried out earlier, the first automated systems preventive examinations of the population; attempts began to combine medical equipment with a computer
In the second half of the eighties, personal computers appeared, and the process of computerization of medicine took an avalanche-like character. A wide variety of functional research systems have emerged. heads of medical institutions who independently introduced the new technology.

Since the early 90s, there has been a de facto standardization of computer technology in health care. The main type of computer was Personal Computer compatible with IBM PC and operating system Windows.

With the advent of health insurance, the corresponding information systems began to be actively introduced. Statistical information systems began to be used to create medical records.

Today computers have become an integral part of the equipment of all medical institutions. However, in most cases, their capabilities are not fully utilized.

One of the reasons for this is the insufficient provision of hardware and software, especially communication devices, which does not allow organizing the transportation of data and the prompt provision of them to all specialists of the institution.

Another reason, probably more significant, is seen in the lack of knowledge and skills of medical workers required to work with modern personal computers.

2. Classification of medical information systems

The information system is the key link in health informatization.

The classification of medical information systems is based on a hierarchical principle and corresponds to the multilevel structure of health care.

Distinguish:

MIS basic level;
MIS at the level of medical institutions;
MIS at the territorial level;
MIS of the federal level, intended for information support of the state level of the health care system.

Basic level medical information systems.

Basic level IIA - these are information support systems for technological processes.

The purpose of the basic IIA : computer support for the work of a clinician, hygienist, laboratory assistant, etc.

According to the tasks being solved, medical-technological ICs are divided into groups:

consultative and diagnostic systems;
instrumentation and computer systems;
automated workstations for specialists.

Purpose and classification of medical information and reference systems.

The peculiarity of systems of this class:

they do not process information, but only provide it;
provide fast access to the required information.

Classification:

by its nature (primary, secondary, operational, review and analytical);
by object (medical facilities, medicines, etc.);
by type of search (documentary, factual).

Purpose and classification of medical consultative and diagnostic systems.

Diagnostics of pathological conditions in diseases of various profiles and for different categories of patients, including prognosis and development of recommendations for treatment methods.

According to the method of solving diagnostic problems, they are distinguished:

by types of stored information (clinical, scientific, regulatory, etc.);
probabilistic (diagnostics is carried out by the implementation of one of the pattern recognition methods or statistical decision-making methods);
expert (the logic of making a diagnostic decision by an experienced doctor is implemented).

Purpose and classification of medical instrument-computer systems.

Information support and automation of the diagnostic and treatment process carried out in direct contact with the patient's body (for example, during surgical operations using laser devices or ultrasound therapy for periodontal diseases in dentistry).

Classification:

on functionality(specialized, multifunctional, complex);
by appointment:

systems for functional and morphological studies; monitor systems; treatment management and rehabilitation systems; laboratory diagnostic systems; systems for scientific biomedical research.
systems for functional and morphological studies;
monitor systems;
treatment management and rehabilitation systems;
laboratory diagnostic systems;
systems for scientific biomedical research.

Appointment and classification of the workstation of specialists.

Automation of the entire technological process of a doctor of the corresponding specialty and providing him with information support when making diagnostic and tactical (medical, organizational, etc.) decisions.

By purpose, AWPs can be divided into three groups:

Workplaces of attending physicians (therapist, surgeon, obstetrician-gynecologist, traumatologist, ophthalmologist, etc.), they are subject to requirements that correspond to medical functions;
AWPs for paramedical service workers (by profiles of diagnostic and treatment units);
AWPs for administrative divisions.

AWPs are used not only at the basic level of health care - clinical, but also for the automation of workplaces at the level of management of health care facilities, region, territory.

Medical information systems at the level of medical institutions.

Systems of this class are designed for information support making both specific medical decisions and organizing work, monitoring and managing the activities of the entire medical institution. These systems usually require a local computer network and are providers of information for medical information systems at the territorial level.

There are the following main groups:

IP Advisory Centers;
information banks of medical institutions and services;
personified registers;
screening systems;
information systems of a medical and preventive institution (IS LPU);
information systems of research institutes and medical universities.

Purpose and classification of information systems of consulting centers.

Ensuring the functioning of the relevant departments and information support for doctors in consulting, diagnostics and decision-making in case of emergency conditions.

Classification:

medical consultative and diagnostic systems of ambulance and emergency services;
systems for remote consultation and diagnosis of emergency conditions in pediatrics and other clinical disciplines.

Information banks of medical institutions and services.

NS Personalized registers (databases and data banks).

This is a type of ASC containing information about the attached or observed patient population based on a formalized medical history or outpatient card.

Screening systems.

Screening systems are designed for pre-medical preventive examination of the population, as well as for medical screening to form risk groups and identify patients in need of specialist help.

IS LPU

LPI IS are information systems based on the integration of all information flows into unified system and providing automation different types activities of the institution.

IS for research institutes and universities

They solve three main tasks: informatization of the learning process, research work and management activities of research institutes and universities.

MIS at the territorial level is software packages providing management of specialized and profile medical services, polyclinic (including prophylactic medical examination), inpatient and emergency medical care to the population at the level of the territory (city, region, republic).

Medical information systems at the territorial level

MIS of the federal level are intended for information support of the state level of the healthcare system in Russia.

Federal level IS solve the following tasks:

1. monitoring the health of the population of Russia;

2. increasing the efficiency of the use of health care resources;

3. maintaining state registers of patients for the main (priority) diseases;

4. planning, organizing and analyzing the results of research and development work;

5. planning and analysis of the training of medical and teaching staff;

6. accounting and analysis of the material and technical base of health care.

3. Ways of development of medical information systems

In our time, information technologies have penetrated into all spheres of human life, and health care is no exception in this regard, as evidenced by the Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated April 28, 2011 No. 364 "On Approval of the Concept for the Creation of a Unified State Information System in the Field of Health Care" as amended Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia No. 348 of 12.04.2012.

In 2011, Russia approved the Concept for the creation of the Unified State Health Information System (Unified State Health Information System), the main objectives of which are:

informatization of the processes of providing medical care to the population;
introduction of integrated electronic medical records of patients;
transition to online monitoring of key health indicators and improved management of the health sector based on the introduction of ICT technologies.

Positive aspects of forming a unified information environment:

leads to greater transparency of the treatment and diagnostic process;
allows you to create and maintain a data bank associated with various MIS;
gives doctors the opportunity to access various expert systems for diagnosing and treating, obtaining complete information about the patient's health status based on e-card the patient, as well as in certain cases to reduce the consequences of the possible subjectivity of the assessment of the disease and the necessary treatment;
Patients can no longer fear data loss or illegible presentation of test results, prescriptions, treatment records and prescribed procedures.

The introduction of information technologies in medicine will allow:

organize remote monitoring of the patient, remote consultation by specialists;
to ensure the availability and optimal time for the population to obtain the necessary documents for obtaining a driver's license, employment, etc.

The introduction of blockchain technologies for the creation and development of a unified database of EHC patients will allow:

ensure the security and integrity of data,
increase the level of security of information storage;
make the process of making changes to distributed base"transparent", excluding unauthorized access to patient data and manipulation of information in order to obtain positive medical opinions;
reduce corruption risks among medical workers;
improve the security of personal data, the quality of medical data and the reliability of statistics.

When using blockchain technology, it becomes impossible to hide the source of information - any changes made to the patient's card using the blockchain are identified and "linked" to the person who made the changes. Previously entered information cannot be deleted, and it is also identified with the person who entered this information earlier.

Check yourself!

What level of IIA does not exist?

base; continental; territorial; federal.
base;
continental;
territorial;
federal.
The main purpose of the basic level IIA: support for the work of doctors of various specialties; support for the work of polyclinics; support for the work of hospitals; support for the work of dispensaries.
support for the work of doctors of various specialties;
support for the work of polyclinics;
support for the work of hospitals;
support for the work of dispensaries.
The reference book of medicines belongs to the following type of medical information systems: instrument and computer; information and reference; educational; scientific; regional.
instrument and computer;
information and reference;
educational;
scientific;
regional.

1 - b, 2 - a, 3 - b

Check yourself!

To search for and issue medical information at the user's request, the following are intended:

Monitoring systems and instrument-computer complexes; Computational diagnostics systems; Clinical and laboratory research systems; Information and reference systems; Expert systems based on knowledge bases.
Monitoring systems and instrument-computer complexes;
Computational diagnostics systems;
Clinical and laboratory research systems;
Information and reference systems;
Expert systems based on knowledge bases.
The cardiac analyzer device belongs to the following class of medical information systems (MIS): Instrument and computer systems; Information and reference systems; Automated workplace a doctor; MIS at the medical facility level; MIS federal level.
Instrument and computer systems;
Information and reference systems;
Automated workstation for a doctor;
MIS at the medical facility level;
MIS federal level.

4 - d, 5 - a

Assignment for extracurricular work:

Make a multimedia presentation on the topic "Automated workstation for medical personnel";
Describe what mechanisms for protecting personal medical data about a patient are implemented in MIS.

To demonstrate the deplorable state of medicine in Moldova, local doctors created a video in which they allegedly carry out an operation on a child using a construction drill and rusty nippers. And this is against the background of how in developed countries every day there are more and more new, more accurate and and technology... This review is devoted to the ten most interesting of them.

American researchers from Boston have come up with a way that allows a person to do just fine without having to breathe air. Just one injection is enough to provide your body with sufficient oxygen for half an hour. This will eliminate the tracheotomy procedure and will be very useful in disaster medicine and military field surgery.

Swedish scientists have come up with a way to turn a conventional DVD player into a universal medical laboratory. It turns out that the laser for reading the disc can be used to analyze blood for various components, check DNA, and also search for the human immunodeficiency virus in the samples presented.

Scientists have created a device called Scanadu, which is a real embodiment of the famous from television series and films “ Star Trek»Tricorder. This small tool will allow in a matter of seconds to determine a person's body temperature, blood pressure, electrocardiogram readings, heart rate and respiration, as well as the amount of oxygen in the blood.

The Israeli company Tikun Olam has planted several fields in the north of the country with genetically modified hemp, which does not lead to drug intoxication, but will help doctors and patients in the treatment of cancer, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, post-traumatic stress disorder and some other ailments.

By the way, about hemp. In some states of the United States, derivatives of this plant may well be used for medicinal purposes, for example, to improve mood in depression or relieve cancer pain. This remedy has become so popular that there is even a special Autospense machine that sells it. True, when making a purchase, you must not only pay for the goods, but also indicate a unique digital code received from the attending doctor.

3D printers appeared in wide availability only a few years ago, but now they are already being used with might and main not only by scientists, engineers and designers, but also by physicians who, using these technologies, create prostheses and implants that replace amputated body parts and even bones.

Smart-E-Pants are designed for bedridden patients who are at risk of pressure sores. Every ten minutes, it will send out an electrical impulse that will cause the muscle to contract. And it doesn't matter that this part of a person's body has been paralyzed for a long time.

The 2AI Labs research team has created the O2amp glasses that measure the oxygen saturation of a person's skin, the concentration of hemoglobin in his blood, and the heart rate. They can also help find veins under the skin, internal and superficial injuries, and some types of disease.

Dutch scientists from Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen have created a gel that does not melt when heated, but, on the contrary, solidifies, which makes it look like a threadlike protein structure. This substance can be used in case of injuries to stop bleeding and temporary "repair" of damaged organs, which will allow a person to survive until surgery.

Da Vinci is a robot that will not be able to play the guitar, as the creators of the movie "Guest from the Future" dreamed about, but can easily carry out the most complex medical operations. True, under the control of a living person who will sit at the droid control panel standing next to it. This complex mechanism will automate many processes and carry out even the smallest manipulations as accurately and confidently as possible.